README.adoc

===== Tiananmen Square Protests songs 六四事件歌曲

English:

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JTWXqUPQ7I "China" by Joan Baez  from the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaking_of_Dreams[Speaking of Dreams (1989) album]. Folk.
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video::-JTWXqUPQ7I[youtube,height=400,width=600]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OOlXJs4I8k "The blood is on the square" by Phillip Morgan from https://www.amazon.com/Blood-Square-Philip-Morgan/dp/B001H5S7OS[1990]. Folk.
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video::6OOlXJs4I8k[youtube,height=400,width=600]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAZK4apK8Bg Same Cry (Feat. L.T.; Explicit) by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC_Jin[MC Jin] from the 2004 album "The Rest Is History'. Hip hop American born Hakka Chinese.

Chinese:

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7uk0-vlpP0 "Nothing to My Name (一無所有)" by Cui Jian (崔健) from 1986
** Lyrics and translation https://eastasiastudent.net/china/mandarin/cui-jian-nothing-to-my-name/
** Chorus: "你合适跟我走" which translates to "When will you walk with me?" Could be talking directly to the Government.
** The singer is/was very popular, the song was composed in 1986, but was very popular at the time of the protests, and became kind of a hymn.
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cui_Jian#Tiananmen_and_aftermath
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_to_My_Name | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/一无所有_(歌曲)
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video::m7uk0-vlpP0[youtube,height=400,width=600]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8lWiWaSTtg History's wound (历史的伤口) 1989-5-28 song by several <<taiwan,Taiwanese>> singers
** https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/历史的伤口
** Lyrics: https://mojim.com/cny100375x11x1.htm
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video::F8lWiWaSTtg[youtube,height=400,width=600]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdE4Ehte4uU "The square (廣場)" by Li Zhi (李志) from 2019. Slow/sad mood pop/rock.
** https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/2/li-zhi-singer-missing-china-cracks-down-tiananmen-/ the singer disappeared from public view in June 2019 and his songs were purged from public listings
** https://medium.com/@sunlitmount/forbidden-songs-of-li-zhi-square-for-tiananmen-massacre-at-june-4th-1989-f22e7e2dc21a lyrics and translation
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Zhi_(singer)

Cantonese

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L_qz7LuqVU The flower of freedom (自由花) from 1989
** https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/自由花
** Lyrics: https://mojim.com/cny100293x15x4.htm
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video::9L_qz7LuqVU[youtube,height=400,width=600]

Other good lists:

* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/六四歌曲 Wikipedia page with an infinite list of songs
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8vMVrLBiW4&list=PLNRZ41lXl9e5iAXH_94DHiLPx_a9Yn711 六四学运 歌 playlist by 杰克 .龙光复民国天下为公
* https://coconuts.co/hongkong/lifestyle/from-80s-rock-to-patriotic-anthems-6-songs-associated-with-tiananmen-square/
* https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/06/04/the-last-gunshot-the-musical-legacy-of-the-1989-tiananmen-massacre/

For non-Tiananmen songs see: <<anti-dictatorship-songs>>.

[[tank-man]]
===== Tank Man 坦克人

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_Man | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/坦克人

Good list of all known photos: https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/05/30/the-other-tank-man-photographs/

A list of Tank Man parodies can be found at: https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/tank-man

CNN video of Tank Man: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeFzeNAHEhU[] but not showing removal, ridiculous, is there a full raw footage somewhere?

Several quick cuts by CBS news that give a good overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSbx352cn8A

Full lyrics: https://gist.github.com/cirosantilli/698afcd05c5ad94297000f8c60b43473

The <<tank-man-song,Tank Man song>> is really good:

____
我是坦克人 +
站在天安门

I am tank man +
I stand at Tiananmen
____

[[tank-man-song]]
.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8A623aImt8 Tank Man song (坦克人歌曲) by Xu Lin (徐琳).
video::z8A623aImt8[youtube,height=400,width=600]

.Arthur Tsang's photo of Tank Man. https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/05/30/the-other-tank-man-photographs/[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20190808091019im_/http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/images/BN-CZ715_tam2_G_20140529081612.jpg[height=400]

.Stuart Franklin's wider view photo of Tank Man. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tankman_new_longshot_StuartFranklin.jpg[Source].
image::https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/28/Tankman_new_longshot_StuartFranklin.jpg[height=600]

.Terril Jones photo taken at ground level with Tank Man on background and men running away on the foreground. The photo was only published in 2009. https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/05/30/the-other-tank-man-photographs/[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20191030232817im_/http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/images/BN-CZ712_TAM_G_20140529081150.jpg[height=600]

.Photoshop of Arthur Tsang's photo of Tank Man with huge rubber ducks replacing the tanks. Inspired by a https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSo5MqQVwCY[huge inflatable rubber duck sculpture floating in Hong Kong in 2013]. https://petapixel.com/2013/06/05/yellow-duck-version-of-tank-man-photo-goes-viral-amidst-chinese-censorship[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20140722052337im_/http://petapixel.com/assets/uploads/2013/06/duckytankman.jpg[height=600]

[[lego-tank-man]]
.Rough https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego[Lego] model of the Tank Man scene. https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1499216-tank-man[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20200315112433if_/https://i.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/newsfeed/001/499/216/29f.png[height=400]

.it8Bit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VI[Final Fantasy 6] battle screen style depiction of tank man by Cody Walton. https://www.it8bit.com/post/25860395424/unknown-rebel[Source].
image::http://web.archive.org/web/20200301203622if_/https://66.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m66n5i3smc1qbw2q1o1_1280.png[height=600]

===== Tiananmen Square Protests keywords

* https://qz.com/698990/261-ways-to-refer-to-the-tiananmen-square-massacre-in-china/ 261 ways to refer to the Tiananmen Square Massacre in China

[[dissidents]]
== Dissidents 持不同政见者

Other sections:

* <<people-arrested-for-reporting-on-the-2019-corona-virus>>

Other lists:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dissidents
** https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中华人民共和国被捕政治犯列表
* https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/location/china Front Line Defenders
* https://www.nchrd.org/ Chinese Human Rights Defenders
* http://cppc1989.blogspot.com/ 中國政治犯關注 China Political Prisoner Concern. Chinese blog with an infinite list of Chinese political prisoners.

[[xu-xiaodong]]
=== Xu Xiaodong "Mad Dog" 徐晓冬

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Xiaodong | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/徐晓冬

MMA fighter who beat up some kung-fu masters to prove that MMA is more effective than their traditional styles.

As of 2019, he had 14 Weibo accounts blocked (created one, got blocked, created another, got blocked, etc.). Source: https://www.inkstonenews.com/society/chinas-mma-fighter-xu-xiaodong-fight-survival/article/3047417

Profiles and news:

* 2020-01-28 https://www.inkstonenews.com/society/chinas-mma-fighter-xu-xiaodong-fight-survival/article/3047417

.Uphold science, eradicate superstition "崇尚科学 破除迷信" 1999 poster by the CCP created as an <<falun-gong,anti-Falun Gong>> propaganda likely based on a http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel1/10/20000710/137317.html[more widely widespread slogan] (https://web.archive.org/web/20090428155413/http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel1/10/20000710/137317.html[archive]). So why is Xiaodong not being supported by the CCP now that he is beating superstition back into its place? Once again, <<censorship-makes-countries-poorer>>. The poster features images related to the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_space_program[Chinese space program 中华人民共和国航天], which is a major undertaking of the CCP and widely used propaganda point. https://chineseposters.net/themes/falun-gong.php[Source].
image::http://web.archive.org/web/20191206090021im_/http://chineseposters.net/images/e13-891.jpg[height=600]

.1962 propaganda poster for the Chinese Space program. "Uphold science, eradicate superstition"? Nah, the moon is obviously populated by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang'e[Chang'e (嫦娥)], the Chinese Goddess of the moon, which is one of the names for the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program[Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (中国探月工程,嫦娥工程)]. Other good https://chineseposters.net/themes/space-program.php[Chinese space program posters]. Also note the emphasis on making babies, the <<one-child-policy>> comes to mind. https://chineseposters.net/posters/e15-824.php[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20200131012103im_/https://chineseposters.net/images/e15-824.jpg[height=500]

.2017 Xu Xiaodong (MMA) Vs. Wei Lei (Tai Chi) summary GIF. https://www.inkstonenews.com/society/chinas-mma-fighter-xu-xiaodong-fight-survival/article/3047417[Source].
image::http://web.archive.org/web/20200201020038if_/https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/2020/01/24/01.gif[height=400]

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XwXaCbfIGw 2017 Xu Xiaodong (MMA) Vs. Wei Lei (Tai Chi) full fight.
video::0XwXaCbfIGw[youtube,height=400,width=600]

[[programthink]]
=== Programthink 编程随想

Very popular Chinese language anonymous blogger that publishes software programming tutorials and political content since 2009, often negative about the CCP, in particular <<censorship,anti-censorship>> and <<brainwashed-by-usa,anti-CCP-brainwashing>>.

* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/编程随想的博客 (there is no English page as of January 2020)
* https://program-think.blogspot.com/ The blog. Blocked in China with the rest of 
** 2020 categorized summary of the best posts of all time: https://program-think.blogspot.com/2020/01/11-years-blogging.html
* https://github.com/programthink
** https://github.com/programthink/zhao manually curated database of maps relationships between Chinese politicians, this was the first <<github-gov-takedowns,GitHub gov-takedown from china>>: https://github.com/github/gov-takedowns/blob/36e76c34682d2b52eef405ca6f57e1b9ddde3086/China/2016/2016-06-08-programthink-zhao.md
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The full project name is: 太子党关系网络 (network of relations of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princelings[CCP princelings]).
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The project is also known as "zhao" which is another slang reference to "太子党": "赵家人" (zhaojiaren == zhao family): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_family | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/趙家人zh, which is in turn a reference to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_(state) or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Zhao[].
* https://twitter.com/programthink
* DW coverage (Chinese): https://www.dw.com/zh/2013德国之声国际博客大赛中文提名博客揭晓/a-16716065 (https://web.archive.org/web/20191202233838/https://www.dw.com/zh/2013%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%8B%E5%A3%B0%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%8F%90%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E6%8F%AD%E6%99%93/a-16716065[archive])

.Programthink uses https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thinker[Rodin's The Thinker sculpture] as its avatar, to encourage people to think for themselves rather than <<censorship,blindly believe the Party>>. https://github.com/programthink/[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20191218082236if_/https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4027957?s=400&v=4[height=400]

[[zhou-fengsuo]]
=== Zhou Fengsuo 周锋锁

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Fengsuo | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/周锋锁

After <<ciro-santilli>> started his campaign for freedom of speech in china in 2015, Zhou Fengsuo published on Twitter in 2015-05-30 when he had 36K followers at the time: https://twitter.com/ZhouFengSuo/status/604461488716144640 (http://archive.is/8d2lt[archive]) linking to Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow account:

____
The commies have messed with the wrong guy's <<ciro-santilli-mother-in-law-jail,mother-in-law.>>"

一个程序员在专业网站上发布六四和法轮功的消息，目的是触怒中共，封杀网站，从而激起程序员的反抗。因为岳母被抓半个月。
____

[[serpentza-laowhy86]]
=== Winston Sterzel (SerpentZA) and Matthew Tye (laowhy86)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Sterzel

The biggest China expat YouTube channels, and the also collaborated together a lot.

As of 2019, they seem to have moved to the USA because they can't stand harassment by the Chinese government.

Due to their balanced opinions, fluent Chinese, not being <<falun-gong>>, and having lived in China for such a long time, the offer what is arguably the one of best CCP criticisms.

SerpentZA YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCl7mAGnY4jh4Ps8rhhh8XZg

laowhy86 YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChvithwOECK5g_19TjldMKw

ADVChina joint YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwNPa8fSXzzAZuT9859GVhg

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDV4s9c9sfQ "#65 China Is Getting Worse | Laowhy86 and SerpentZA" published on 2020-04-05. SerpentZA and laowhy86 interview on "China Unscripted", a sister channel of <<china-uncensored-youtube-channel>>. This marks them clearly on the side of "openly criticizing the Chinese government".
video::kDV4s9c9sfQ[youtube,height=400,width=600]

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6PI91n2f9o "China Expels Foreign Press to Protect Its Lies" published on 2020-03-23 during/just after <<corona>>.
video::b6PI91n2f9o[youtube,height=400,width=600]

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXpPpFzLcZg "China's Winnie The Pooh BAN Explained" published on 2019-10-28 discusses <<winnie-the-pooh>>.
video::NXpPpFzLcZg[youtube,height=400,width=600]

== Media 媒体

Sources of information pertinent to this repository.

=== Commentary media

The following offer interesting commentary, but not to be used as primary sources:

* https://china-journal.org
* http://www.chinafile.com Some good articles. "ChinaFile is an online magazine published by the Center on U.S.-China Relations at Asia Society", based in New York.

[[biased-media]]
=== Biased media 偏见媒体

I consider the media in this section biased, and never cite it for fact-checking.

[[chinese-government-media]]
==== Chinese government media 中国政府媒体

* Xinhua News Agency
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/新华社
** http://www.xinhuanet.com/
* People's Daily
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Daily | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/人民日报
** http://people.cn/
** https://twitter.com/PDChina
* China Radio International
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Radio_International | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中国国际广播电台
** http://www.cri.cn | http://english.cri.cn/
* China Daily
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Daily | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/孔子学院
** http://www.economist.com/node/17969895
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television[China Central Television (CCTV)]
** https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgrNz-aDmcr2uuto8_DL2jg CGTN, CCTV's international branch in English
* http://facts.org.cn/ anti <<falun-gong>> website
** http://wap.kaiwind.com/
** I have no proof that this is linked to the government, but it is very likely, even the Chinese embassy website links to it:
*** http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/lj/t36322.htm
*** http://web.archive.org/web/20180414233331/http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/lj/t36322.htm

[[confucius-institute]]
===== Confucius institute 孔子学院

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius_Institute | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/孔子学院

News and reports:

* 2019-09 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-49511231 (https://web.archive.org/web/20191013185933/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-49511231[archive]) "Confucius Institutes: The growth of China's controversial cultural branch"
* 2019-01 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2019/01/11/u-s-universities-have-shut-down-confucius-institutes-heres-what-you-need-to-know/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20190616134959/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2019/01/11/u-s-universities-have-shut-down-confucius-institutes-heres-what-you-need-to-know/[archive]) "Why U.S. universities are shutting down China-funded Confucius Institutes"

[[cssa]]
===== Chinese Students and Scholars Association 中国学生学者联合会

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Students_and_Scholars_Association

Abbreviation: CSSA.

News and reports:

* 2019-10-13 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-10-13/cssa-influence-australian-universities-documents-revealed/11587454 (https://web.archive.org/web/20191014032348/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-10-13/cssa-influence-australian-universities-documents-revealed/11587454[archive]) "Chinese Students and Scholars Association's deep links to the embassy revealed" in Australia.
* 2018-03-07 https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/07/chinas-long-arm-reaches-into-american-campuses-chinese-students-scholars-association-university-communist-party/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20191012103953/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/07/chinas-long-arm-reaches-into-american-campuses-chinese-students-scholars-association-university-communist-party/[archive])

[[falun-gong-media]]
==== Falun Gong media 法轮功媒体

<<falun-gong>>:

* The Epoch Times
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Epoch_Times | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/大纪元时报
* http://en.minghui.org/
** http://falundafa.org/ links to it
** http://www.clearwisdom.net/
* http://www.secretchina.com/
* http://fofg.org/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_of_Hope
** http://www.soundofhope.org/
** http://www.bayvoice.net/gb/
* http://lotus-sacre.com/
* https://en.tuidang.org/
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuidang_movement
* http://dongtaiwang.com
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freegate
* https://twitter.com/jenniferatntd Jennifer Zeng 曾錚 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Zeng

[[new-tang-dinasty-television]]
===== New Tang Dinasty Television 新唐人電視台

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/新唐人電視台

Related shows:

* https://www.youtube.com/user/Laowaikanzhongguo Laowai kan Zhongguo 老外看中國
* https://www.youtube.com/user/NTDOffTheGreatWall Off the Great Wall

====== China Uncensored YouTube channel

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgFP46yVT-GG4o1TgXn-04Q

Older shows had ndt.tv water mark on top right, e.g. a 2013 video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmMvS3lgJBs

The video description also links to http://e.ntd.tv/NTDChinaUncensored which is now down, but has archives such as http://web.archive.org/web/20130321071835/http://e.ntd.tv/NTDChinaUncensored which suggest a redirect back to the YouTube channel:

____
Redirecting to...

http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZZhVHPaO1ziCc9dRPrgbz2KU0aZF7CJ-
____

TODO why did newer videos remove the water mark and clear link? Did they break links, or just to hide Falun Gong influence?

Home page gives extremely unusual importance to Falun Gong resources, e.g.:

* http://www.chinauncensored.tv/about/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20190426203719/http://www.chinauncensored.tv/about/[archive]) "China Uncensored is available to watch on this website, on YouTube, on New Tang Dynasty Television"
* http://www.chinauncensored.tv/campaigns/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20190512160736/http://www.chinauncensored.tv/campaigns/[archive]) "Chinese police illegally arrested Canadian citizen Sun Qian from her home in Beijing for practicing Falun Gong."

Related:

* https://www.quora.com/How-is-the-YouTube-show-China-Uncensored-funded/answer/Ciro-Santilli
* https://www.quora.com/Is-the-YouTube-channel-China-Uncensored-a-trustworthy-source-of-information-on-China
* https://www.theepochtimes.com/youtube-scraped-most-popular-channel-on-china-politics-from-search-suggestions_2675796.html (https://web.archive.org/web/20190119083517/https://www.theepochtimes.com/youtube-scraped-most-popular-channel-on-china-politics-from-search-suggestions_2675796.html[archive]) Epoch Times highlights the channel "Why YouTube’s Most Popular Channel on China Politics Doesn’t Show in Search Suggestions"

==== USA government media 美国政府媒体

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America
** http://www.voa.com/
** http://www.voachinese.com/
** http://www.voacantonese.com/

Partial support:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxun https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/博讯

[[radio-free-asia]]
===== Radio Free Asia 自由亚洲电台

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/自由亚洲电台

Website: https://www.rfa.org

Just because they are/were funded/founded by the CIA, it doesn't mean that we can't use their xref:rebel-pepper[amazing satirical cartoons] to fight xref:dictatorship[], right?

=== Media that we are not sure is biased or not

[[caixin]]
==== Caixin 财新传媒

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixin | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/财新传媒

Beijing based, but does publish stuff that seems to be very sensitive:

* <<corona>> Government fuckups
* https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-35761277 "China magazine Caixin defiant on censorship of article"

[[videos]]
== Videos 视频

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcZOZrP1P_V5d7RMOKXF1PT70fcfYJpgY

<<ciro-santilli>>'s "China Politics" playlist is a collection of all sensitive videos I have ever found on YouTube: Ping him if you find any he hasn't included.

Interesting videos that were deleted/made private since he added them:

* 2019-04-17 http://web.archive.org/web/20190424021220/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPnnHCeRH3w the Leica ad: https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/19/18508009/leica-china-censored-ad-tiananmen-square-protests-weibo Re-upload by SCMP: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcuLZDHLFt8
* 2019-05-18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAEUafI_lyI not on Web Archive, lesson learned

[[funny]]
== Funny 搞笑

Humour is the greatest weapon against <<dictatorship,dictators>>:

* <<xi-jinping>>
** <<chrysanthemium-xi-jinping>>
** <<winnie-the-pooh>>
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Religious_Affairs_Bureau_Order_No._5 officially named "Measures on the Management of the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas" (藏传佛教活佛转世管理办法)
* https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/3pqljx/zimbabwes_ruthless_dictator_mugabe_wins_chinas/ 2015 Zimbabwe dictator wins Confucius prize
* http://www.miniharm.com/
* South Park S32 E1 "Band in China" (2019), episode criticizing <<censorship,Chinese censorship>>
** free preview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6DI6XuvCwE
** free episode but only for US / Canada... https://southpark.cc.com/full-episodes/s23e02-band-in-china
** reply from show creators to censorship https://twitter.com/SouthPark/status/1181273539799736320
** BBC's report https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-49968867
* https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EGPZYFeUUAAYMQf?format=jpg&name=large "Tibet, Uyghur, Hong Kong, World" China death knocking door cartoon. TODO source, originally seen at: https://twitter.com/Lawrence_HKer/status/1181026542786203648 (http://web.archive.org/web/20191008075035/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EGPZYFeUUAAYMQf?format=jpg[archive])

.Weibo logo vs Sauron's eye 微博标志vs索倫魔眼 by Ciro Santilli.
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20191013080406if_/https://i.imgur.com/eKPmYyz.png[height=400]

=== Cartoonists 漫画家

Reasonable lists:

* http://caglecartoons.com/?s=China The website blocks Web Archive.

[[rebel-pepper]]
==== Rebel Pepper 变态辣椒

* https://twitter.com/remonwangxt
* https://rebelpeppercartoons.com/

Without a doubt, the greatest anti-Communist joke cartoonist of the 2010s.

As of 2019 he does work for xref:radio-free-asia[], so a possible list of all cartoons of this era can be found at: https://www.rfa.org/english/cartoons/story_archive

His best work can be found scattered throughout this document in the relevant sections.

==== Paresh Nath

Not China only like <<rebel-pepper>>, but does have some good China ones.

* https://www.cagle.com/author/paresh-nath/
** https://www.cagle.com/paresh-nath/2018/01/china-s-manipulation "We don't seek to conquer foreign lands", "It seeks to conquer foreign minds!"
** http://media.cagle.com/78/2017/03/08/192621_600.jpg "We believe in free trade and reforms"
** https://www.cagle.com/paresh-nath/2014/10/honk-kong-protests "Communism", "Democracy" and "Hong Kong" illustrates democracies disadvantage, that it is hard to get everyone on the same boat to fight together compared to dictatorships. This was also seen clearly on WW2 when the British government hesitated for a long time to attack while seeking peace, until Churchill stepped up.
* https://twitter.com/pareshnathtoons?lang=en
* https://www.cartooningforpeace.org/en/dessinateurs/paresh/

[[badiucao]]
==== Baidiucao 巴丢草

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badiucao

Has a more artistic red-black-white-yellow style.

[[falun-sweden]]
=== Falun, Sweden 法轮，瑞典

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/法倫

A Swedish University town called "Falun", with the same "Falun" Chinese characters as those in <<falun-gong>>, which got the town blocked by the <<internal-censorship,GFW>> on some websites, mentioned at:

* https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323926104578277511385052752
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=法倫&oldid=47709870#趣闻

Known primarily for its mine, which was one of the oldest operating companies in the world: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Mine

[[art]]
== Art 艺术

* https://www.yuumeiart.com/fisheye-placebo-chapters Fisheye Placebo by Wenqing Yan. Webcomic that talks a lot about climbing the xref:censorship[great wall]. Artist obviously pro-democracy: https://twitter.com/Yuumei_Art/status/1174394851179167744

[[books]]
== Books 书籍

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_censorship_in_China | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中华人民共和国出版物审查制度

Either banned, or relevant.

[[nineteen-eighty-four]]
=== Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel (AKA "1984") 一九八四 (1949)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/一九八四

Read for free from Project Gutenberg: http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks01/0100021.txt (http://web.archive.org/web/20200413105623/http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks01/0100021.txt[archive])

This book is very fun to read, and it is not very long.

There is also a decent movie made released in the year, you guessed, 1984: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four_(1984_film) starring https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hurt[John Hurt].

The Law of gravity quote perfectly illustrates the CCPs approach to lying:

____
Anything could be true. The so-called laws of Nature were nonsense. The
law of gravity was nonsense. 'If I wished,' O'Brien had said, 'I could
float off this floor like a soap bubble.' Winston worked it out. 'If he
THINKS he floats off the floor, and if I simultaneously THINK I see him
do it, then the thing happens.' Suddenly, like a lump of submerged wreckage
breaking the surface of water, the thought burst into his mind: 'It doesn't
really happen. We imagine it. It is hallucination.' He pushed the thought
under instantly. The fallacy was obvious. It presupposed that somewhere
or other, outside oneself, there was a 'real' world where 'real' things
happened. But how could there be such a world? What knowledge have we of
anything, save through our own minds? All happenings are in the mind.
Whatever happens in all minds, truly happens.
____

Another good one:

____
In our world
there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self-abasement.
Everything else we shall destroy--everything. Already we are breaking down
the habits of thought which have survived from before the Revolution. We
have cut the links between child and parent, and between man and man, and
between man and woman. No one dares trust a wife or a child or a friend
any longer. But in the future there will be no wives and no friends.
Children will be taken from their mothers at birth, as one takes eggs from
a hen. The sex instinct will be eradicated. Procreation will be an annual
formality like the renewal of a ration card. We shall abolish the orgasm.
Our neurologists are at work upon it now. There will be no loyalty, except
loyalty towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of
Big Brother. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of triumph over
a defeated enemy. There will be no art, no literature, no science. When
we are omnipotent we shall have no more need of science. There will be
no distinction between beauty and ugliness. There will be no curiosity,
no enjoyment of the process of life. All competing pleasures will be
destroyed. But always--do not forget this, Winston--always there will be
the intoxication of power, constantly increasing and constantly growing
subtler. Always, at every moment, there will be the thrill of victory,
the sensation of trampling on an enemy who is helpless. If you want a
picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face--for ever.'
____

.https://youtube.com/watch?v=flhggnpCeHw Gravity scene from the 1984 movie.
video::flhggnpCeHw[youtube,height=400,width=600]

[[brave-new-world]]
=== Brave New World 美丽新世界 (1932)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World

This is basically a less good <<nineteen-eighty-four>>, but the following passage https://archive.org/stream/ost-english-brave_new_world_aldous_huxley/Brave_New_World_Aldous_Huxley_djvu.txt[from Chapter 17] rocks:

____
The Controller, meanwhile, had crossed to the other side of the room and was unlocking a large safe set into the wall between the book- shelves. The heavy door swung open. Rummaging in the darkness within, "It's a subject," he said, "that has always had a great interest for me." He pulled out a thick black volume. "You've never read this, for example."

The Savage took it. "The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments" he read aloud from the title-page.

"Nor this." It was a small book and had lost its cover.

"The Imitation of Christ "

"Nor this." He handed out another volume.

"The Varieties of Religious Experience. By William James."

"And I've got plenty more," Mustapha Mond continued, resuming his seat. "A whole collection of pornographic old books. God in the safe and Ford on the shelves." He pointed with a laugh to his avowed li- brary-to the shelves of books, the rack full of reading-machine bob- bins and sound-track rolls.

"But if you know about God, why don't you tell them?"
____

[[policies]]
== Policies 政策

[[censorship]]
=== Censorship 审查

.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Drooker[Eric Drooker]'s "Censorship" (TODO year) has become one of the most recognizable censorship symbols as of 2020. http://www.drooker.com/illustrations[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20200313090742if_/https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56b6ef88a3360c8cda5f4ec5/1455664972210-ZH3TLGYYZ2ACRHT3SG32/ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kPC_zjTA3UYFvUlg9ipOEJx7gQa3H78H3Y0txjaiv_0fDoOvxcdMmMKkDsyUqMSsMWxHk725yiiHCCLfrh8O1z5QPOohDIaIeljMHgDF5CVlOqpeNLcJ80NK65_fV7S1URB8do3-7hcAcpn6rB6iKr1pTef0AlszvevyZwBc1CWewPPt5b224fdRayPxZIHRuA/censorship.jpg?format=1500w[height=400]

[[internal-censorship]]
==== Internal censorship is necessary to prevent fake USA accounts from creating harmful propaganda

The USA cannot create enough fake accounts to overwhelm real 1.5 billion Chinese accounts, especially considering things like forcing mobile number account verification.

Chinese politicians are just using this fear as an excuse to stay in power: <<fear-of-west>>.

What if a Chinese person who really loves China and wants to improve the country disagrees with the Government?

What if this person is right, and wants to express this publicly to get support and make change happen?

Should this person just be put into jail as is done currently? Do you really think that the CCP can never do anything seriously wrong? <<chinese-politicians-really-care-about-the-chinese-citizens>>?

When citizens stop trying to contribute due to fear, this is known as the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilling_effect[chilling effect (寒蝉效应)].

What if a <<is-chinese-politician-x-evil,politician>> does something bad, and <<corruption,suppresses the news to protect themselves>>?

Without freedom of speech, who will watch over the actions of those in power? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quis_custodiet_ipsos_custodes%3F[Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?]

____
I hear always the admonishment of my friends:

"Bolt her in, constrain her!"

But who will guard the guardians? The wife plans ahead and begins with them.
____

With internal censorship, leaders inevitably become Gods, and soon zealous sons betray their fathers and brothers in loyalty to the leader and their fake ideal. See for example the scene from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_in_the_High_Castle_(TV_series)[The Man in the High Castle] S04E06 in which the devoted Thomas Smith hands himself in to be killed after discovering that he has a disease, which is not acceptable in <<nazi,Nazi>> America: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SymuEg6NRp0

The famous https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Heine[Heinrich Heine] (German but from the 19th century, before the Nazis) saying also comes to mind:

____
Where they have burned books, they will end in burning human beings.
____

Do you not think that this translates well to the modern version:

____
Where they have deleted online posts, they will end in deleting human beings.
____

It is actually easier for the USA to manipulate a dictatorship than a democracy, because then all you have to do is buy/blackmail a few key corrupt politicians instead of manipulating millions of people's feeds.

.Internal censorship is so strong, that many Chinese people who leave China to live abroad continue to believe that the CCP is always right, despite having access evidence that suggests otherwise. This <<rebel-pepper>> 2019-08 cartoon shows frogs coming out of a big well still remain inside their own small wells made up of Chinese media such as <<zhihu-purge,Zhihu>> and CCTV. It is a reference to the Chinese proverb https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/井底之蛙[井底之蛙] which means that a frog in the bottom of the well can only see a very limited portion of the sky. https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/biantailajiaomanhua/lj-08302019111414.html[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20190915124441im_/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/biantailajiaomanhua/lj-08302019111414.html/1/@@images/82a29858-e5b4-4ae1-88ae-fa54737588e1.jpeg[height=500]

.<<nazi,Nazis>> burning books in Berlin in 1933. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings[Source].
image::https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/1933-may-10-berlin-book-burning.JPG/603px-1933-may-10-berlin-book-burning.JPG[height=400]

.<<falun-gong>> books being destroyed with a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_roller[road roller] in 1999 in China in an extremely low quality early Internet image. How far do you think mass jailings and torture would be? One wonders why they didn't burn the books though. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Destruction_d'ouvrages_du_Falun_Gong_lors_de_la_répression_de_1999_en_Chine.jpg[Source].
image::https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Destruction_d'ouvrages_du_Falun_Gong_lors_de_la_répression_de_1999_en_Chine.jpg[height=400]

==== China has more freedom of speech than the USA!

When you hear that online, it really makes you wonder if those people believe it or are paid to say it.

Luckily, this is easy to verify: just create an online account on a Chinese website, and start posting about censored political subjects, and wait for your account to get banned.

Then create an account on an American website, and start posting about censored political subjects. The first good question is: what will you post about since no political subject is censored?

Here is one concrete and well documented example: <<zhihu-purge>>.

Or maybe why not <<t-shirt,go out on the street in China with a T-shirt with censored words and share some photos online>>? 

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1HdCIW2Xtk 2016-10-18 BBC stopped from visiting China independent candidate for local elections, Liu Huizhen (刘惠珍). They returned a few days later when the thugs weren't there: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eroTCMRn2yQ[].
video::c1HdCIW2Xtk[youtube,height=400,width=600]

[[t-shirt]]
===== What happens if you wear a T-shirt with censored words in China?

See also <<ciro-santilli>>'s answer to https://www.quora.com/What-would-happen-if-I-walked-around-Beijing-with-a-t-shirt-that-said-freedom-of-speech-is-pretty-great/answer/Ciro-Santilli[What would happen if I walked around Beijing with a t-shirt that said "freedom of speech is pretty great"?] on <<quora>>.

Some cases where that didn't end well for them:

* 2017 Li Xiaoling (李小玲) was arrested and released "on bail" for wearing a <<tiananmen,Tiananmen>> T-shirt: https://www.nchrd.org/2017/10/li-xiaoling/
* 1989 <<pu-zhiqiang-shirt,Pu Zhiqiang (浦志强) freedom of speech shirt>> during <<tiananmen>>

.In 2016 activist Quan Ping (Kwon Pyong,权平,https://twitter.com/kwonpyong[BraveJohnny]) was sent to jail for wearing a <<nazi,Xitler>>/<<xi-jinping-memes,習包子/大撒币>> t-shirt in public and posting selfies online. This photo is in front of a Government building (TODO exact location, reports say he is from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jilin_City[Jilin City 吉林] transcription of the sign on top of building: 诚信立市 https://baike.baidu.com/item/工业强市[工业强市] 依法治...) https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/16/world/asia/china-xi-jinping-xitler-tshirt-kwon-pyong.html[New York Times coverage]. He was later sentenced and served 18 months in prison because of this: https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/kwon-pyong[Front Line Defenders profile]. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/xi-jinping-tshirt-activist-confirmed-held-in-northeast-china-detention-center-12082016110338.html[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20170630212420im_/http://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/activist-11022016120902.html/china-xitler-nov22016.jpg/image[height=400]

.In 2009 activist Liu Shihui (刘士辉) was arrested for wearing a "One-party rule is a disaster" (一党独裁，遍地是灾) in 2009 in Guangzhou. This is a quote from a <<chinese-government-media,Xinhua News>> editorial https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/1946/03/【历史的先声】一党独裁，遍地是灾/[from the 1940s]. On the back was another quote by former president https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Shaoqi[Liu Shaoqi (刘少奇)] "The CP [Communist Party] opposes the Kuomintang’s one-party dictatorship, but the CP will not establish a one-party dictatorship". This interesting <<zhihu>> page has many other similar quotes BTW: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/59503784[] (http://web.archive.org/web/20200331202252/https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/59503784[archive]). He was later assaulted, spent 108 days in jail without a trial, and was forcefully sent back to his home town in Inner Mongolia: https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/case-history-liu-shihui[Front Line Defenders profile]. https://observers.france24.com/en/20090522-arrested-subversive-shirt[Source].
image::http://web.archive.org/web/20200309101601im_/http://scd.observers.france24.com/files/images/090521%20china%20I.preview.jpg[height=500]

[[gfw]]
==== Great Firewall (GFW) 防火长城

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Firewall | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/防火长城

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Shield_Project | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/全国公安工作信息化工程

And so, the spirit of Internet freedom that the Chinese themselves had at the start, was crushed :

____
越过长城
走向世界

Across the Great Wall, we can reach every corner in the world.
____

Source: the first International email sent from China in 1987 by https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/王运丰[Wang Yunfeng (王运丰)] in the Beijing-based Institute for Computer Application (ICA) of the China Ordnance Industry Corporation under the https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中华人民共和国机械电子工业部[Ministry of Machinery and Electronics of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国机械电子工业部)] to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Zorn[Werner Zorn] from the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology[Karlsruhe Institute of Technology] see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_in_China[].

[[dictator-needs-gfw]]
===== Would ending the Great Firewall truly end the dictatorship?

Not 100% sure.

In <<russia>>, for example, the Internet is relatively free, but the government controls most professional media, which is what most people end up seeing, by suing dissidents media out of business.

But on the other hand Russia is already much freer than China.

Although I don't like them, I can't deny one thing: the commies are smart, and when they do something (e.g. censorship), it tends to keep them in power.

===== The Great Firewall is necessary to protect China from harmful USA propaganda and data collection

<<ciro-santilli>> doesn't think this is below the USA, but:

* without censorship, you would be much richer and stronger, and more able to defend yourselves
* why does China also censor its own people in addition to foreign propaganda?
* maybe this fear is greatly emphasized by the Chinese government beyond truth just to help them keep control of the country by fear and maintain their own power. Can the Americans really have that much influence in your country? <<fear-of-west>>
* maybe the regions that want to split from China feel like China is not giving them anything back, and they are themselves looking for allies outside of China to help them split. With democracy, people are more likely to get what they want, and there will be split parties and votes.
* the same argument can be used to justify any action, no matter how bad. E.g.: we must put all who criticize the government in jail, or else they will make China less united and weaker against the USA!

<<deng-xiaoping>> notably had this ideology, even though he explicitly recognizes that there are also <<censorship-makes-countries-poorer,benefits to not having online censorship>>:

____
打开窗户，新鲜空气和苍蝇就会一起进来。
____

which translates as:

____
If you open the window, both fresh air and flies will enter.
____

.Faithful https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_China[Google China (谷歌)] users/employees made a funeral-like flower tribute on the company's entry sign in Beijing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuspark[Tsinghua Science Park] when the company was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Aurora[kicked/hacked out of China in the 2010 Operation Aurora]. This was one example of the unfair <<what-should-western-countries-do-about-china,joint venture technique imposed on foreign companies>> by China. https://qz.com/1352137/why-internet-users-chose-baidu-over-google-when-it-was-in-china/[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20200315134918if_/https://cms.qz.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/google-china-flowers-baidu.jpg?quality=75&strip=all&w=1600&h=901[height=400]

[[jingjing-chacha]]
===== Jingjing and Chacha 警警察察

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingjing_and_Chacha

Friendly looking mascots of Internet Censorship in China created by the Shenzhen Government in 2006.

https://youtu.be/ZB8ODpw_om8?t=583 "Roger Dingledine - The Tor Censorship Arms Race The Next Chapter - DEF CON 27 Conference" mentions that choosing friendly looking mascots for internet censorship is a comon practice in several dictatorships, so to suggest that they are just <<fear-of-west,protecting citizens>>, These show the cute UAE censorship page for example:

* Iran https://business.financialpost.com/technology/canadian-software-used-to-filter-internet-in-middle-east
* Quatar https://rankingdigitalrights.org/2019/06/12/arab-regions-telecommunications-companies-fail-to-respect-users-digital-rights/

The images were https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jingjing_and_Chacha&oldid=917408711[removed from Wikipedia] presumably due to fair use concerns, so Ciro asked how to check that at: https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/137977/how-to-check-why-a-fair-use-image-was-removed-from-wikipedia After understanding the case, Ciro https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jingjing_and_Chacha&oldid=936842199[reuploaded the images], hopefully for good.

.Jinjing (警警) is the male cop. https://web.archive.org/web/20070825092952/http://www.e-gov.org.cn/Article/news003/2006-01-02/15229.html[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20070825092952im_/http://www.e-gov.org.cn/Article/UploadFiles/200601/20060102092326277.jpg[height=400]

.Chacha (警警) is the female cop. https://web.archive.org/web/20070825092952/http://www.e-gov.org.cn/Article/news003/2006-01-02/15229.html[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20070825092952im_/http://www.e-gov.org.cn/Article/UploadFiles/200601/20060102092327204.jpg[height=400]

.Jingjing and Chacha picture shown on the street, presumably in China. https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/bnvy38/jingjing-and-chacha[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20200115110135if_/https://images.vice.com/vice/images/articles/meta/2012/03/06/jingjing-and-chacha-1413461637268.jpeg[height=400]

.Image with Jingjing and Chacha together and explanations (深圳网络警察,Shenzhen Network Police), good for copy pasting. TODO a bit small. https://www.reddit.com/r/Cyberpunk/comments/84vbut/cute_official_mascot_design_of_chinese_internet/[Source]..
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20200115110425im_/https://i.redd.it/ns9jhaeel4m01.jpg[height=400]

.Beijing version of the Shenzhen-created Jingjing and Chacha. TODO what does it say on the images? On car "XX网络110" (XX Internet 110) so it must be the phone number of the Internet police department. At bottom right something like (联合新作, joint XX), so likely means it is a joint action between two departments. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/20477258/ns/technology_and_science-internet/t/beijing-police-launch-virtual-web-patrol/[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20200315112507if_/http://media2.s-nbcnews.com/j/ap/bej10508281134.grid-6x2.jpg[height=400]

.Angry Chinese cop cartoons extracted from http://web.archive.org/web/20191209021646/http://encyclopediadramatica.rs/China[Encyclopedia Dramatica] with the racist subtitles removed. It is hard to be sure what is the original image that they were Photoshopped from, but they are very similar to the Beijing Jingjing and Chacha although this is not a direct copy paste of the above since several details differ. The image was uploaded in 2011 to ED. http://web.archive.org/web/20170525180028/https://encyclopediadramatica.rs/File:Preasetoshowpapers.jpg[Source].
image::{cirosantilli-media-base}Jingjing_Chacha_angry.jpg[height=400]

.The Qatar friendly censorship page likely from around 2011. China is not alone in this "cute censorship" technique. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qatar_filtering_message._Qtel_network.jpg[Source].
image::https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Qatar_filtering_message._Qtel_network.jpg[height=600]

===== Western companies that sell censorship technology to dictatorships

To China:

* Cisco may have knowingly helped to build the Chinese internet censorship infrastructure in the 2000's
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems#Censorship_in_China
** https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/04/ciscos-latest-attempt-dodge-responsibility-facilitating-human-rights-abuses-export
*** https://www.eff.org/files/2016/01/12/113_second_amended_complaint_does_v._cisco_9.18.13.pdf they had a demo with a <<falun-gong>> module
** https://www.wired.com/2008/05/leaked-cisco-do/
*** Internal CISCO documents quote the Chinese Government saying: "The Golden Shield Project ... Combat Falun Gong evil religion and other hostiles"

To other dictatorships:

* 2019: IBM https://gizmodo.com/ibm-sells-face-recognition-surveillance-to-a-dictatorsh-1835101881
* 2017: Amesys France for facial recognition surveillance in Egypt: https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/egypt/sale-of-surveillance-equipment-to-egypt-by-french-company-amesys
* 2011: Netsweeper Inc. from Canada to UAE
** claim: https://business.financialpost.com/technology/canadian-software-used-to-filter-internet-in-middle-east
* 2009: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcepoint[Forcepoint], previously Websense
** claims on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcepoint#Censorship

In 2019, the European Union was considering making stricter laws about cyber surveillance exports, to include more technologies that can be used either for Censorship or other non-evil applications (dual-use), <<what-should-western-countries-do-about-china,kudos to them>>:

* http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI%282016%29589832
* http://ec.europa.eu/trade/import-and-export-rules/export-from-eu/dual-use-controls/index_en.htm
* http://www.osborneclarke.com/insights/upcoming-changes-to-bring-cyber-surveillance-technology-within-eu-export-control-regime/
* http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/eu-plans-restrict-export-dual-spy-tech-171210061410639.html

See also: <<western-companies-that-comply-with-chinese-censorship-requests>>.

.Cartoon showing how Amesys systems are used to suppress citizens in Egypt. Do you want the logo of your company to figure there instead? https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/egypt/sale-of-surveillance-equipment-to-egypt-by-french-company-amesys[Source].
image::https://web.archive.org/web/20200315112732if_/https://www.fidh.org/local/cache-gd2/86/564727cb219a210145a0dd6a1b7561.jpg?1556188970[height=400]

===== Censorship monitoring

Projects that attempt to understand how the Great Firewall works and what it blocks:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites_blocked_in_mainland_China
** https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中华人民共和国被封锁网站列表
* http://greatfire.org/
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GreatFire
** https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/自由微博
** https://freeweibo.com/ related project by the same organization, a Weibo archive it seems
** https://en.greatfire.org/blog/2013/nov/google-can-bring-end-censorship-10-days-heres-how made some noise at the time
** https://twitter.com/GreatFireChina
* other websites: http://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/267715/is-stack-overflow-accessible-in-china/288497#288497
* Garry King Harvard papers:
** http://gking.harvard.edu/50c#
** http://gking.harvard.edu/publications/how-Censorship-China-Allows-Government-Criticism-Silences-Collective-Expression
** http://gking.harvard.edu/publications/randomized-experimental-study-censorship-china
* https://github.com/phoeagon/gfw-sim GFW emulation
* https://github.com/citizenlab/chat-censorship data on Censorship

It is also worth noting that as mentioned at: https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/267715/is-stack-overflow-accessible-in-china websites can become non-functional if CDNs they rely on are taken down, instead of the website being taken down itself.

===== gfwlist

https://github.com/gfwlist/gfwlist

Chinese people widely use this website list with browser extensions, so as to only use more expensive and risky <<censorship-circumvention>> traffic when accessing certain webpages.

The result is a well maintained list of interesting websites. About half of which is porn.

Get the full list with:

....
base64 -d gfwlist.txt
....

See also:

* https://github.com/gfwlist/gfwlist/issues/3 "How to use this repo?"
* https://github.com/gfwlist/gfwlist/issues/1141 "Add categories tags to each entry"

[[censorship-circumvention]]
===== Censorship circumvention 翻墙

* https://www.bypasscensorship.org

It is interesting to note how <<falun-gong>> is a good source of censorship-circumvention material, see e.g.: <<github-gov-takedowns>>.

[[icp-license]]
===== ICP license 非经营性网站备案 (2000)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICP_license | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/非经营性网站备案

Part of the <<internal-censorship,Internet censorship machine>>, although it predates the GFW proper.

It can be seen at the bottom of many many many websites, it is likely mandatory to display it.

If you see one of those, you already know hat it cannot be trusted for politics.

For example, http://archive.is/ePBM9[as of April 2020], the <<zhihu>> sidebar shows:

____
京 ICP 备 13052560 号 - 1
____

where "京" indicates that the certificate was issued by the Beijing Provincial level city.

In 2014, almost 15 years later, <<russia>> finally caught up, what a relief: <<russia-mandatory-registration-of-bloggers>>.

[[anonymous-accounts-ban]]
===== Anonymous accounts ban (2017)

* https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/ban-08282017112633.html
* https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/27/china-doubles-down-on-real-name-registration-laws-forbidding-anonymous-online-posts/
* https://advox.globalvoices.org/2017/08/27/china-to-ban-anonymous-online-comments-blacklist-users/

[[wumao]]
==== 50 Cent Party 五毛党 (Wumao Dang)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Cent_Party | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/网络评论员

They can be classified as a form of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_warfare[information warfare] (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/信息战[信息战]).

A wise person once said:

____
It is impossible to distinguish wumaos, idiots and <<not-chinese,brain washed>> people. So we just call all of them wumaos.
____

Notable wumaos should be investigated by intelligence agencies.

If it is determined that they are knowingly funded by China, they should be put into jail as foreign agents.

There is a tradeoff between privacy rights and snuffing out wumaos, and it is hard to decide where to set the line. But snuffing out wumaos is important, and must be done.

If we were to give up on privacy completely, one possible rule would be: block anyone that lives in China and whose revenue therefore cannot be investigated properly by your government to determine if they are funded by the CCP.

Here are some people completely against blocking wumaos. Those silly Democrats never prepare well enough for war:

* https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/22/opinion/how-to-counter-chinas-global-propaganda-offensive.html
** it mentions the "Countering Information Warfare Act of 2016" https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/2692[], which is exactly what Western countries should do

Wumaos are particularly easy to spot on <<censorship-monitoring,Western websites banned in China>> and when written in English, since there is no way that strong pro-CCP opinions would get any support in such circunstances:

* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaSlyjhR4WC7QhYuaivxb6g/videos Nathan Rich. As mentioned at: https://medium.com/swlh/how-china-is-influencing-youtubers-into-posting-state-propaganda-db72acf18dfa:
+
____
His vlogging career is inexplicably successful. He has 385,000 subscribers on his channel, a huge amount for someone with so little time and so few videos on the platform.".
____
+
https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/au8az3/exscientologist_nathan_rich_is_a_convicted_felon/ mentions another interesting very strong evidence:
+
____
His videos feature perfect Chinese in the subtitles along with Chinese video titles, meaning that he is almost certainly having these videos produced by someone else/and or a group of people. I can guarantee that based on his pronunciation of the few Chinese words he says in the video, his Chinese ability should not be anywhere close to fluent.
____
+
And at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRqcA04FtmM he says <<serpentza-laowhy86,SerpentZA>> is a fraud "because he criticizes China".
* <<quora>> is completely infested by wumaos as of 2020, see more information on that section

Bibliography:

* 2020-03-12 https://twitter.com/jenniferatntd/status/1238076579466674178 Jennifer Zeng's 曾錚 publishing of purported Wumao guidelines with translation. Translated title: "CAC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China[Cyberspace Administration of China]) Internal Documentation for Internet Commentators (no spreading)"
* 2018-09-27 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCnnPf2OnHo "Chinese Internet Trolls Get Paid 50 Cents For Every Comment" by <<serpentza-laowhy86,laowhy86>>
* 2017-04-09 https://gking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/50c.pdf "How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts for Strategic Distraction, not Engaged Argument" by "Gary King, Jennifer Pan, Margaret E. Roberts"
* https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/files-05202015150018.html
* 2015-05-20 https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/files-05202015150018.html "Hackers Leak Files Showing Inner Workings of 'China's 50-Cent Army'", hacker group name "Unicorn Nocturne". TODO material, silly reporters that don't give links
* 2014 emails of some Wumaos were hacked/phished and leaked at https://xiaolan.me/50-cent-party-jxgzzg.html (down, no web archive, but http://archive.is/BNNQe[]) revealing operational details
** https://qz.com/311832/hacked-emails-reveal-chinas-elaborate-and-absurd-internet-propaganda-machine/

C.K. Hung's wumao reply strategy: https://ckhung0.blogspot.com/2017/07/50-cents-party.html see also: <<reply-policy>>.

[[real-username-law]]
==== Real username law (2015)

* 2015-03 China forces real usernames on the net, and provoking ones
** https://advox.globalvoices.org/2015/04/16/new-internet-rules-in-china-target-usernames-avatars-as-subversive-tools/ "New Internet Rules in China Target Usernames, Avatars as Subversive Tools"
** http://www.engadget.com/2015/02/28/china-username-policy-purge/ "Chinese internet giants purge 60,000 accounts for inappropriate usernames"

[[social-credit-system]]
=== Social Credit System 社会信用体系

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/社会信用体系

* 2019-06-04 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cGB8dCDf3c "A Look Inside China’s Social Credit System | NBC News Now" by "NBC News"
* 2018-12-12 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dkw15LkZ_Kw "China’s "Social Credit System" Has Caused More Than Just Public Shaming (HBO)" by "VICE News". https://youtu.be/Dkw15LkZ_Kw?t=238[328s] shows how you can donate money to the party to increase your score. This is not a hidden practice, they were filmed and everyone is showing their faces. What a brilliant idea that could never ever lead to corruption! Ciro's jaw just dropped. How can the commies not hide this kind of shit from the West, but hide other stuff the West couldn't care less about?
+
video::Dkw15LkZ_Kw[youtube,height=400,width=600]

[[belt-and-road-initiative]]
=== Belt and Road Initiative 一带一路

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/一带一路

[[communist-youth-league]]
=== Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Youth_League_of_China

Had a membership of 109 million (by the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China[17th National Congress]).

Such state sponsored youth organizations are a hallmark of <<dictatorship,dictatorships>>, and serve both as an indoctrination device, and as a selection tool for future politicians:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler_Youth[Hitler Youth] was the <<nazi,Nazi Germany>> youth organization
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komsomol[Komsomol] was the Soviet youth organization

One may argue that https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scout_Association[the scouts] are https://www.sundaypost.com/fp/creator-of-taggart-reveals-the-human-stories-behind-an-unlikely-and-unsettling-alliance-on-the-eve-of-wartherell-be-no-more-murders-tv-sleuth-writer-rules-out-comeback/[a similar organization in the West], but one notable difference is the scale of such dictatorship-led youth organizations.

Related news:

* 2020-02-19: https://supchina.com/2020/02/19/communist-youth-league-patriotic-idols/ "The Communist Youth League Thought It Was Creating Patriotic Idols. Instead, It Started A Conversation About Women's Rights". The anime-style mascots are named Jiangshanjiao 江山娇 and Hongqiman 红旗漫.

[[one-child-policy]]
=== One-child policy 一孩政策

TODO.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-child_policy | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/一孩政策

1979–2015

[[mirrors]]
== Mirrors of this page 这个网页的镜像

The cool thing about Git is that we can maintain several mirrors on multiple websites very easily:

* https://github.com/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship Canonical source and rendered output. If ever <<github-gov-takedowns>> we do this: <<strategy-if-this-repo-gets-added-to-github-gov-takedowns>>
* https://gitlab.com/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship Maybe some day http://gitlab.cn/ ? :-)
* https://bitbucket.org/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship

GitHub Pages: http://cirosantilli.com/china-dictatorship Trade-offs with https://github.com/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship[]

* pro
** https://help.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/about-anonymized-image-urls[GitHub's camo] keeps hiccuping and not showing images
** and YouTube videos show inline there
* cons
** Camo bypasses the need for VPN, since most images are served from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive[Internet Archive] which is <<censorship,blocked in China>>.

The perfect solution might be to download all images and upload them to https://github.com/cirosantilli/media since GitHub content does not go through Camo, we have to see if such images don't fail to load as often.

You can also view the GitHub pages version locally with:

....
git clone https://github.com/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship
cd china-dictatorship
git checkout gh-pages
xdg-open README.html
....

or built it yourself:

....
gem install asciidoctor
make
xdg-open README.html
....

We also have a NPM Node.js package https://www.npmjs.com/package/china-dictatorship[]. After https://askubuntu.com/questions/594656/how-to-install-the-latest-versions-of-nodejs-and-npm/971612#971612[installing NPM], you can be use it as:

....
npm i -g china-dictatorship
china-dictatorship > README.html
....

This would force China to also block/curate package managers to block this repo. The package is already available in this Chinese Taobao mirror: http://registry.npm.taobao.org/china-dictatorship (http://web.archive.org/web/20200406081433/http://registry.npm.taobao.org/china-dictatorship[archive]).

We also managed to upload a Python PyPi package at: https://pypi.org/project/china-dictatorship/ Is as:

....
python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade china-dictatorship
china-dictatorship.py > README.html
....

We later found on Google by chance that libraries.io picked it up and rendered the README.adoc nicely as well: https://libraries.io/pypi/china-dictatorship (https://web.archive.org/web/20200318043050/https://libraries.io/pypi/china-dictatorship[archive]). This is why packaging is a good idea.

TODO: create an Ubuntu PPA and Ruby gem as well.

Update all mirrors in one go with: link:push-mirrors[]:

....
./push-mirrors
....

There is no need to update package versions or add git tags, all of that gets done automatically by the script!

[[backlinks]]
== Backlinks to this page 连接到这个网页的网页

Or to Ciro's other online presences, due to China activity.

For Zhihu backlinks, see: <<zhihu-questions-related-to-ciro-santilli>>.

* 2019-10-31: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6595454363743981568/ (http://web.archive.org/web/20191101094814/https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6595454363743981568/[archive]) "Good rundown of all the major news from China you don't see. Notice how you don't see anything about the Hong Kong protests anymore?"
* 2019-10 https://github.com/kon9chunkit/GitHub-Chinese-Top-Charts/blob/7131e2c1158a806f41c8f55308977048b02d2959/README-Part2.md Automatically generated list of repos with Chinese characters in their descriptions with the most upvotes per programming language. TODO why is this repo on their README-Part2 only? Has more stars than some stuff on main README.
* 2019-10-12: https://hacpai.com/article/1570686552645 Login required, cowards. Post title: "更新 GitHub 官方 Repo 的人，竟然是个反华分子". Manual page dump after my replies with links to this FAQ: https://ia801505.us.archive.org/27/items/cirosantilli/hacpai_1570686552645.html OP then deleted my comments because they don't speak English "HacPai 是个文明的社区，不会发生辱骂的现象，你有你的观点，我们有我们的观点。但抱歉，我们的水平有限，没有阅读英文的能力，还请发送有效回复，否则只能折叠处理". It is some developper website: https://hacpai.com/article/1440573175609 (https://web.archive.org/web/20190811205230/https://hacpai.com/article/1440573175609[archive]) linked to https://github.com/b3log/solo[]. OP then made an useless post here: https://github.com/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship/issues/70 As of 2019-10-12, I can't login there anymore, either because the website is shitty, or I was blocked. GitHub login just fails silently, cannot reset password. If blocked, cowards. This led me to update: <<reply-policy>> with the canned reply.
* 2019-09: https://admin.github.com Someone from GitHub has been thinking about us. s2 to you.
* "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/thoughts-github-going-china-kevin-xu/" https://twitter.com/sang_what/status/1172692888766959619 (http://archive.is/taPpH[archive]) https://t.co/qag5ekL12F
* 2019-06: https://gking.harvard.edu/ interesting. OK, likely due to: https://gking.harvard.edu/category/research-interests/applications/information-control-by-authoritarian-governments but no direct links found though.
* 2019-05: someone used the FAQ to answer a question: https://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/comments/bt1mth/if_i_disappear_chinese_students_make_farewell/eou5a5q/ | http://web.archive.org/web/20190527072431/https://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/comments/bt1mth/if_i_disappear_chinese_students_make_farewell/eou5a5q/ "‘If I disappear’: Chinese students make farewell messages amid crackdowns over labor activism"