README.adoc

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/习近平

[[xi-abolishes-term-limits-2018-03]]
==== Xi abolishes term limits (习近平取消席连任不得超过两届的限制规则, 2018-03)

* 包子露宪 https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2018/03/phrase-week-steamed-bun-betrays-constitution
* https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/world/asia/china-xi-jinping-term-limit-explainer.html

.<<rebel-pepper>> cartoon showing Xi Jinping preparing to sleep in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Mao_Zedong[Mao Zedong's tomb], meaning that Xi also wants to reach Mao's "eternal ruler" status when he abolished term limits in 2018. https://www.rfa.org/english/cartoons/XiJinping-Eternity-cartoon-02282018104813.html[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_sleep_Mao.jpg[height=400]

.1977 photo showing Mao's actual glass tomb during his funeral, with famous politicians in the background. It is interesting to see that Mao https://mummipedia.fandom.com/wiki/Mao_Zedong[features on the "Fandom Mummipedia Wiki"]. https://apnews.com/a94a0d7a824b474fb11545e8c4481c21[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Mao_coffin.jpeg[height=400]

.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist[The Economist] "Let's party like it's 1793" cover from May 4th – 10th 2013 depicting a painting of Xi Jinping dressed as emperor of China. The famous https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qianlong_Empero[Qianlong Emperor] was in power at that time. The title is likely a joke based on the more well known https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/party-like-its-1969-woodstock-forty-years-on-1722695.html["Let's party like it's 1969"] due to the legendary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock[Woodstock festival]. Party is also a play on words between the Communist Party and a night party. TODO why 1793 specifically. https://twitter.com/TheEconomist/status/329929668155293696[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Lets_party_like_its_1793.jpg[height=600]

[[panama-papers]]
==== Panama papers (巴拿马文件, 2016)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/巴拿馬文件

Leak of financial data implicating <<corruption,many corruption scandals>>.

Mentions <<xi-jinping>>'s brother-in-law https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Jiagui[Deng Jiagui] (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/邓家贵[邓家贵]).

See also <<ciro-santilli>>'s answer to https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-net-worth-of-Xi-Jinping/answer/Ciro-Santilli[What is the net worth of Xi Jinping?] answer on <<quora>>.

===== Foreign citizenship of Xi Jinping's family

<<li-hongzhi,Cult leaders>> hate having <<li-hongzhis-family,their families examined>>. So let's do it.

TODO confirm: https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/c20xf3/almost_every_members_in_president_xis_family/ from <<reddit>>.

One Redditor https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/c20xf3/almost_every_members_in_president_xis_family/ergsu6v/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3[translated]:

* Xi's eldest sis - Canadian
* Xi's 2nd sis - Australian
* Xi's younger bro - Australia
* Xi's daughter - American. Really???
* Hu's daughter - American
* Jiang's grandchild - American
* Deng's son - American
* Deng's grandchild - American
* Mao's grandchild - American

====== Xi Mingze (Xi Jinping's daughter, 习明泽)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Mingze
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/习明泽

Went to Harvard from 2010 to 2014 under pseudonym, apparently Xiao Muzi (小木子).

The news was apparently broken in 2012 by the UK tabloid Daily Mail: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2234651/Xi-Jinping-Chinas-new-Princess--daughter-Communist-president-studying-quietly-Harvard.html

https://www.businessinsider.com/xi-mingze-harvard-article-goes-viral-2012-11 mentions:

____
The Chinese elite is no doubt keen to avoid questions about how exactly Xi Jinping can afford his daughters fees. Officially, his salary is less than $13,000 a year, and Xi's circle has been remarkably cagey about reports of his family's true wealth before.
____

plus 24-hour bodyguards. <<panama-papers>> comes to mind.

https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/xi-mingze-16091.php says birthday June 27, 1992.

https://answersafrica.com/meet-xi-mingze-xi-jinpings-daughter-is-she-married-where-is-she-now.html gives some public appearances, e.g. in New York in 2018.

[[xi-jinping-memes]]
==== Xi Jinping memes 习近平模因

* 習包子: https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=29230 says:
+
____
Xi Jinping got his nickname as "Xi baozi 習包子" ("<<buns,steamed stuffed bun Xi>>") due to the much publicized visit he made to the famous Qìngfēng bāozi pù 庆丰包子铺 ("Qingfeng baozi shop") in Beijing. During and after his visit to the shop, media swarmed over the place and were eager to portray an image of Xi as being down to earth and close to the people. Those who dislike Xi use this nickname sarcastically against him for being a hick and for hypocritically "putting on a show" (zuòxiù 作秀).
____
+
See also: <<buns>>.
* 大撒币: https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=29230 says:
+
____
It can be translated as "big spender," a play on the literal translation of the words sā bì 撒币 "throw money" and "stupid cunt" (shǎ bī 傻逼). The nickname takes aim at the economic aid Xi has promised to foreign countries; the moniker is so widely used on Chinese social media that the censors' repressive measures only draw more attention to it, and to the criticism embedded within it.
____
+
See also: <<shitpost>>.

.<<xi-jinping>> photoshopped as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(character)[The Joker] (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/小丑_(角色)[小丑]). Would have been perfect with https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/22/ren-zhiqiang-who-called-chinese-president-a-clown-jailed-for-18-years[2020-09-22 Ren Zhiqiang - who called Chinese president a 'clown' - jailed for 18 years], see also: <<corruption>>. https://www.reddit.com/r/chonglangTV/comments/m04q0p/乌合麒麟新作一尊小丑/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_Jinping_photoshopped_as_The_Joker.jpg[height=400]

[[xi-jinping-lookalikes]]
===== Xi Jinping lookalikes (习近平撞脸)

.2019-05-21 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadomasochism[Sadomasochist] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDSM[BDSM] (SM) Xi Jinping lookalike or photoshop in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondage_suit[bondage suit] (gimp suit, fetish gear) at a cosplay fair. TODO: is this a Photoshop and if yes what's the original pic, publish dates, location/event. <<ciro-santilli>> googled a lot for it, but it was beyond his skills :-( Earliest post found so far: 2019-05-21 08:49:20 GMT+1 (Imgur timestamp) going wild on <<ptt>>: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/joke/M.1558454171.A.5C9.html[] entitled "這位coser是誰啊？好眼熟。" (Who is this Cosplayer? He looks familiar.) by user "a15568". Watermark reads "I am Dasen 郭", where "郭" is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo[a common Chinese surname]. Notable discussion threads: https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/ckgs5l/xi_jinping_took_to_the_streets_to_demonstrate_his/[r/China 2019-08-01], https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/ke4hde/nice_pic_i_found/[r/China 2020-12-16], https://www.reddit.com/r/HongKong/comments/ckjf65/gee_i_am_sure_chairman_xi_will_really_appreciate/[2019-08-01]
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_sadomasochist.jpg[height=500]

.2020-01-01 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shengjian_mantou[Pan-fried dumpling] Xi Jinping lookalike 生煎包习近平撞脸. Furthermore, this reminded people of <<xi-jinping-memes,習包子>>. A <<taiwan,Taiwanese>> report from 2020-01-01: https://news.tvbs.com.tw/world/1257030 TODO name, location. One of the many videos of him: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTt8Sjer6cc[]
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Mantou_Xi_lookalike.jpg[height=400]

[[liu-keqing-singer]]
.2020-05-12 Liu Keqing (刘克清) is an opera singer who had his personal videos on <<tiktok>> taken down from time to time because he looks too much like <<xi-jinping,The One>>. https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/2020/05/【立此存照】只因太像习近平？歌唱家刘克清形/[China Digital Times report]. One of his personal vlogs reuploaded to YouTube where he shared singing techniques and thoughts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPFKUhJdqzk[]. A video of him performing professionally in a chamber concert: 2018-11-02 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z98-Mqci4ag[].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Liu_Keqing_singer_Xi_lookalike.jpeg[height=400]

Less good ones:

* 2014-06-23 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-asia-27926747/meet-the-chinese-presidential-pancake-seller "Shao Jianhua" TODO Chinese name, name of dish he sells. Too young and not fat enough.

[[winnie-the-pooh]]
===== Comparisons between Xi Jinping and Winnie-the-Pooh 小熊維尼 (2017)

Got censored due to comparisons between Xi Jinping and Winnie in 2017: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh#Censorship_in_China

Thailand has their own version: <<thai-king-hamtaro>>.

In <<xi-dada>> we see that a <<peoples-daily>> video actually interviews someone who mentions that, so the meme has had a positive connotation at least some point in the past.

Some good photoshops:

.Comparison image between Xi Jinping waking with then USA president https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama[Barack Obama] with a Winnie-the-Pooh cartoon still of Winnie walking with https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigger[Tigger, the tiger]. The original photo is from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-09/obama2c-xi-forge-rapport-in-debut-summit/4742616[Xi's 2013 visit to the Annenberg Retreat at Sunnylands, California]. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/17/oh-bother-chinese-censors-block-winnie-pooh-meme-comparing-xi/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_Pooh_Obama.webp[height=400]

.Comparison image between Xi Jinping shaking hands with https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinzo_Abe[the Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe] and a Winnie-the-Pooh cartoon still of Winnie shaking hands with the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eeyore[Eeyore, the donkey]. The original photo is from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/asia/leaders-of-china-and-japan-hold-long-awaited-meeting.html[Abe's lacklustre 2014 visit to Beijing]. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/07/china-bans-winnie-the-pooh-film-to-stop-comparisons-to-president-xi[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_Abe_Pooh.webp[height=400]

.Comparison image between Xi Jinping on a car in a 2015 military parade and a toy Winnie-the-Pooh on a car. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-china-blog-40627855[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_Pooh_car.jpg[height=400]

[[xi-pooh-photoshop]]
.Real photo of Xi Jinping edited to look like Winnie the Pooh. https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/dcabzh/this_image_of_xi_jiping_as_winnie_the_pooh_is/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_Pooh_Photoshop.webp[height=400]

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHmLUYCUYT0 "Xi Jinping as Winnie the Pooh Dancing to Bat Out of Hell by Meatloaf" by TheFakening (2020). Deep fake of several girls wearing Winnie the Pooh clothes with a Xi Jinping face. The song choice "Bat Out of Hell" is a reference to <<corona,COVID> because one of the theories is that the disease started in bats.
video::y-JPLzj2poY[youtube,height=400,width=600,start=57]

[[xi-dada]]
====== Xi Dada (习大大, 2015)

Benevolent https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personification[personification] of <<xi-jinping>>. Part of the <<ccp-cult>>.

2015-09-23 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-china-blog-34338832 "Who is Xi Dada"?

That article comments on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnRo9AMT8FI "Who is Xi Dada?" by <<peoples-daily>> (2015-09-23) in which several foreign students in China praise <<xi-jinping>> in English. https://youtu.be/PnRo9AMT8FI?t=47 notably states: "They also refer to him as <<winnie-the-pooh,Winnie-the-Pooh>>". Priceless.

What does dada mean: https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Xí-Jìnpíng-called-Xí-Dàdà

Some other sources:

* 2015-03-08 https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20150308/c08xi/ ""习大大"再次燃起中国人的领袖崇拜之情" (Xi Dada reignties Chinese Leader's cult once again)

.Golden heart shaped souvenir with a picture of Xi Jinping that was sold in <<tiananmen,Tiananmen Square>> in 2018. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/26/endowing-role-endless-rule-shows-xis-imperial-ambitions/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_Jinping_heart.jpeg[height=400]

.Xi Jinping in 2019 wearing his cute compassionate face. Do you think that such a cute cute North-Westerner 东北人 would ever to terrible things like <<xinjiang,commiting cultural genocide of a million people>> or <<xi-abolishes-term-limits-2018-03,trying to become ruler for life>>? Impossible, it must be <<evil-west,American lies>>.
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_dada.jpg[height=400]

[[chrysanthemium-xi-jinping]]
===== Chrysanthemium Xi Jinping (菊花习近平, 2015)

Got creator Dai Jianyong (戴建勇) arrested in 2015:

* https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/chinese-artist-who-posted-funny-image-of-president-xi-jinping-facing-five-years-in-prison-as-10282630.html
* https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/05/artist-detained-after-posting-humorous-photo-of-xi-jinping/

.Chrysanthemum Xi Jinping with <<tiananmen,六四>> spice added by Ciro Santilli
image::{cirosantilli-media-base}/Chrysanthemum_Xi_Jinping_with_black_red_liusi_added_by_Ciro_Santilli.jpg[height=400]

.Original Chrysanthemum Xi Jinping by Dai Jianyong published in 2015. https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/05/artist-detained-after-posting-humorous-photo-of-xi-jinping/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Chrysanthemum_Xi.jpeg[height=400]

[[xi-jinping-portrait-blue]]
.Possible original Xi Jinping photo used for Chrysanthemum Xi, possibly from 2012. The light blue gradient background was used for the official photos of many Communist officials of the era. https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112111,00.html[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_Jinping_portrait_2012.jpg[height=400]

[[xi-jinping-thought]]
==== Xi Jinping Thought (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想, 2017)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想

Added to the Constitution in preparation for <<xi-abolishes-term-limits-2018-03,eternal rule>>.

<<xi-jinping>>'s <<little-red-book>>. But since it is the 21st century, there's an app for it instead called "Study (for a) Strong Country" (学习强国) designed by <<alibaba>>:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuexi_Qiangguo
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/学习强国

Online video version courtesy of <<xinhua>>: http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/xjpsxkj/index.html[]. Contains <<ccp-cult,devotional>> videos, not text: http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/xjpsxkj/1.html

Notably, it consists of 14 chapters, which are called "talks" (讲), e.g. the first talk (第一讲) etc. This is exactly like <<li-hongzhi>>'s <<flg-canon,Zhuan Falun>> (and likely like other ancient Chinese religious texts).

.<<ccp-cult,Devotional>> image of <<xi-jinping>> on the cover of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Governance_of_China[The Governance of China] (link:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/习近平谈治国理政[习近平谈治国理政], 2020) book which is part of <<xi-jinping-thought>>. The similarity to <<li-hongzhi>> devotional images <<li-hongzhi-lotus,is striking>>. Related: <<xi-halo>>. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Governance-China-Xi-Jinping/dp/1602204098[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xi_Jinping_The_Governance_of_China.jpg[height=400]

[[xuexi-qiangguo]]
===== Xuexi Qiangguo (学习强国)

App made by <<alibaba>> for the <<ccp>> to teach people <<xi-jinping-thought>>.

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuexi_Qiangguo
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/学习强国

The app appears to have both contents, and also tests to check that you've read it.

At https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/mnulkd/china_is_forcing_chinese_to_use_national/gu05o20/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3 a <<reddit>> user explains:

____
Many people are also forced to use the app "强国学习" in order to keep their jobs. Especially government workers. They have to study XiJinPing thought for certain amount of time each week and do exams.
____

This is confirmed e.g. at: https://www.hf.uio.no/ikos/english/studies/voices-middle-east-asia/voices-from-east-asia/xuexi-qiangguo-%E2%80%93-digitalization-of-chinese-propaga.html

____

Within the first four months of Xuexi Qiangguo’s release, it was the most downloaded app in China with over 100 million downloads, surpassing China’s most popular messaging, social media and mobile payment app, WeChat and the Chinese version of TikTok, known as Douyin.

To use the app is not exactly voluntary. The Communist Party has issued directives that requires party members to download the app and use it. Many workplaces have done the same and it has been reported that employees are required to send screenshots to document their progress on the app. If they don’t, they are at risk of a pay deduction.

To put it in perspective, over 90 million Chinese are members of the Communist Party, and there are nearly 850 million internet users and almost 690 million smart phone users in China, as of 2019. It is, however, not clear whether the people who have downloaded the app genuinely are interested in learning about Xi Jinping’s political ideology, or if they feel like they must download it to show loyalty to the party.
____

====== Fuck-XueXiQiangGuo

https://github.com/fuck-xuexiqiangguo/Fuck-XueXiQiangGuo[]

This <<github>> repository appears to help cheat the Xuexi qiangguo, see also: <<github-repositories-with-censored-information>>.

The program's executable file name is actually `./Fuck学习强国`, a thing of beauty.

Several video demos can be found on YouTube:

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahHzi1rGDfA "2021@学习强国辅助之Ai强国&科技强国" by Axiom Show shows the Android App
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOic-mYcwGA "习近平的学习强国和fuck 学习强国 | 如何从github上获取fuck xuexiqiangguo | 如何使用fuck xuexiqiangguo" by "中国人每日秀 The Chinese Daily Show" (2019)

And there there's an anti-repo for <<wumao>> who oppose the cheating: https://github.com/boycott-fuck-xuexiqiangguo/Boycott-Fuck-XueXiQiangGuo It had 150 stars as of 2021, as oppoesd to 7500 of the cheating repo.

.Fuck-XueXiQiangGuo 2021 GitHub page screenshot with stars highlighted. This is what you should show <<wumao,wumaos>> when they that no Chinese person opposes the <<ccp>>.
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Fuck-XueXiQiangGuo_2021_GitHub_page_screenshot_with_stars_highlighted.png[height=650]

[[chinese-dream]]
===== Chinese dream (中国梦, 4000 BC -)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Dream
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中國夢

==== Xi Jinping Thought (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想, 2017)

[[two-safegards]]
===== Two safegards (两个维护, 2018)

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/兩個維護

Part of <<newspeak,Xi-speak>>.

[[jiang-zemin]]
=== Jiang Zemin (江泽民, 1989-2002)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiang_Zemin | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/江泽民

<<dictatorship,Dictator>> from 1989 to 2002.

Jiang is often compared to a toad in a meme what is referred to as toad worship (膜蛤), further keywords: 蛤蟆

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toad_worship
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/膜蛤文化

Jiang has an amazing array of meme-ready funny expressions.

.Comparison between Jiang Zemin and a 72-feet-tall inflatable toad in a Beijing park seen in 2014 made the rounds on Weibo and led to some <<censorship,censorship>>. https://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/01/world/asia/toad-jiang-zemin/index.html[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Jiang_Zemin_frog.jpg[height=400]

.Jiang picking his nose. https://pieceofmindful.com/2013/12/12/chinese-exceptionalism/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Jiang_Zemin_nose_picking.jpg[height=400]

.Jiang reading through comically large magnifying glass during the opening ceremony of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China[19th Party Congress] in 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/18/back-from-the-dead-chinas-internet-goes-wild-over-youthful-jiang-zemin[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Jaign_zemin_magnify.jpg[height=400]

.More Jiang funny expressions and Photoshops from a Research Gate page! https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Jiang-as-emoticons-often-used-in-chats_fig4_325864518[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Jiang_Zemin_emoticons_montage.png[height=400]

==== Too young, too naive

The Chinese also love Jiang's quote in English during an interview with Hong Kong press:

____
Too young, too simple, sometimes naive.
____

.https://youtube.com/watch?v=y-JPLzj2poY Jiang Zemin saying "Too simple, sometimes naive."
video::y-JPLzj2poY[youtube,height=400,width=600,start=57]

[[deng-xiaoping]]
=== Deng Xiaoping (邓小平, 1982-1987)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/邓小平

Although his reign officially ended in 1987/1989, he remained extremely influential until his death, and was a major figure in <<tiananmen>> most likely.

[[xidan-democracy-wall]]
==== Xidan Democracy Wall (西单民主墙, 1978-1979)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Wall
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/西单民主墙
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xidan

https://youtu.be/846AtqraCYg?t=799 suggests that <<deng-xiaoping>> initially encouraged it after during/after killing the Gang of Four.

But then, obviously, people started denouncing corruption in his goverment, and so Deng made it stop.

The documentary also mentions <<wei-jingsheng>> who was a notorious contributor who asked for democracy.

.Xidan democracy wall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xidan_Wall,_May_1979.jpg[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Xidan_Wall.jpg[height=400]

.https://youtube.com/watch?v=40PxfKWgBmY China: Democracy Wall Beijing Dec 1978 video only. This is one of the many footage available of the wall.
video::40PxfKWgBmY[youtube,height=400,width=600]

[[wei-jingsheng]]
===== Wei Jingsheng (魏京生)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_Jingsheng
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/魏京生

Key figure on the <<xidan-democracy-wall>>, notable for writting <<the-fifth-modernization>>.

____
我们要自己掌握自己的命运，
不要神仙和皇帝不要相信有什么救世主，
我们要做天下的主人，
我们不要作独裁统治者扩张
野心的现代化工具，
我们要人民生活得现代化，
人民的民主、自由与幸福，
是我们实现现代化的唯一目的，
没有这第五个现代化，
一切现代化不过是一
个新的诺言。

We need no Gods or emperors and we don't believe in saviors of any kind... we do not want to serve as mere tools of dictators with personal ambitions for carrying out modernization. We want to modernize the lives of the people. Democracy, freedom, and happiness for all are our sole objectives.
____

[[the-fifth-modernization]]
====== The Fifth Modernization (第五个现代化, 1978)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fifth_Modernization
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/第五個現代化_(魏京生)

Not to be confused with the one of the same title made by the CCP in 2013: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/第五个现代化_(中国共产党)

Full text on Jingsheng's apparently official website: https://weijingsheng.org/doc/cn/46.htm

Most notable quote:

____

我们要自己掌握自己的命运，不要神仙和皇帝 +
不要相信有什么救世主，我们要做天下的主人，我们不要作独裁统治者扩张 +
野心的现代化工具，我们要人民生活得现代化，人民的民主、自由与幸福 +

We want to be the masters of our own destiny. We need no gods or emperors and we don't believe in saviors of any kind +
we do not want to serve as mere tools of dictators with personal ambitions for carrying out modernization. +
We want to modernize the lives of the people. Democracy, freedom, and happiness for all are our sole objectives
____

Full text: link:fifth-modernization.md[].

[[mao-zedong]]
=== Mao Zedong (毛泽东, 1954–1976)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/毛泽东

What could be a better reminder that <<xi-jinping,dictatorships are dangerous>> than the catastrophes that Mao created such as the <<great-leap-forward>> and <<cultural-revolution>>?

https://youtu.be/MHFrhIAj0ME?t=926 "The camp was an intense and exciting place, and many of the guerrilla fighters had affairs. Sex was called undisciplined guerilla warfare". TODO Chinese.

.Mao Zedong in Yan'an in the 1930's thinking deeply. This funny looking picture is meme ready and https://uncyclopedia.ca/wiki/Chairman_Mao[much loved by Uncyclopedia]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mao_Zedong_in_Yan%27an.jpg[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Mao_Zedong_in_Yanan.jpg[height=400]

[[little-red-book]]
==== Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (Little Red Book, 毛主席语录, 1976)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao_Tse-tung
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/毛主席语录

<<mao-zedong>>'s <<flg-canon>>. Like <<li-hongzhi>>'s, also extracted from talks, see also:

* <<ccp-cult>>
* <<xi-jinping-thought>>

[[hundred-flowers-campaign]]
==== Hundred Flowers Campaign 百花齐放 (1956-1957)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Flowers_Campaign
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/百花齐放、百家争鸣

Some possible quotes from Mao saying that people should be able to protest, original share: https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/i2z5ss/maos_propaganda_poster_saying_protest_and_strike/

____
允许群众示威。 +
Citizens should be allowed to protest.
____

claims from from some 毛泽东选集第五卷 (selected works from Mao Zedong) in speech from the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China[8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China]. https://twitter.com/shijianxingzou/status/1158421996755128323 mentions the anthology was published in 1977.

Even <<pro-chinese-government-media,kknews>> confirms: https://kknews.cc/zh-my/news/ql9k4ag.html

<<liu-shihui-one-party-rule>> also comes to mind.

[[great-leap-forward]]
==== Great Leap Forward 大跃进 (1958-1960)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/大跃进

.A high tower of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_gourd[winter gourds] "冬瓜上高楼" propaganda poster for the Great Leap Forward by https://chineseposters.net/artists/jinmeisheng.php[Jin Meisheng] published in 1959. <<western-democracies-are-not-perfect,Even in democracies>>, politicians promise the fat gourds. But when there is <<censorship,no free media to control their>> lies, things can get really out of hand. http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/chn11.php[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Winter_gourd.jpg[height=600]

.Communist Children Catch Pokemon: the true meaning of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union[CCCP]. Edited from the original poster with a <<little-red-book>> instead of Pokeball and no "CCCP" shown at <<https://www.pinterest.fr/pin/360428776411504491/ By Volaran Cadires. https://www.pinterest.fr/pin/405253666454984678/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Communist_children_catch_pokemon.jpg[height=600]

[[cultural-revolution]]
==== Cultural Revolution 文化大革命 (1966-1976)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/文化大革命

.https://youtube.com/watch?v=kXByOrRrO7c Vox 6 minute explanation with some good footage for impatient Millennials, published on Feb 14, 2020.
video::kXByOrRrO7c[youtube,height=400,width=600]

[[mao-swim]]
===== Mao swim across the Yangtze river (毛主席畅游长江, 1966-07-16)

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/毛主席畅游长江

Good <<scmp>> article: https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/1999098/chairman-maos-historic-swim-glorified-china

Mao claimed to have set a swimming record by swimming 15km in 65 minutes at the age of 72 at the Yangtze in Wuhan, or an average of 13.8 km/h.

As a comparison, the Olympic swimmers of 2016 covered the lesser distance of 10 km in 113 minutes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_–_Men%27s_marathon_10_kilometre for an average of 5.3 km/h.

According to https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311977913_Analysis_of_the_characteristics_of_offshore_currents_in_the_Changjiang_Yangtze_River_estuarine_waters_based_on_buoy_observations[this article], the maximum current speed of the Yantze is 128.5 cm/s or 4.62 km/h so even if he were swimming with the current, Mao was faster.

Dictatorships would never lie about obviously verifiable facts, would they?

And idiots today still celebrate this event that preceded the <<cultural-revolution>> which put China's economy in shambles.

<<superputin>> learnt from this and also showed off his swimming skills in 2009.

.https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1966-10_1966年毛泽东游长江2.jpg[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Mao_swim_wave.jpg[height=400]

[[news]]
== News 新闻

Trying to keep only "neutral" sources here, let me know if you spot something too biased: <<biased-media>>.

How I find them: <<anti-ccp-info-sources>>.

=== News 2020

* 2020-01 https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3045657/china-human-rights-activist-ding-jiaxi-under-investigation one more human rights person Ding Jiaxi. The list is endless, should we care?

=== News 2019

* 2019-12-18 Fudan University in China removes "freedom of thought" from university charters, students protes
* 2019-10-16 https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/10/16/gitlab_employees_gagged/ GitLab prevents employees from discussing politics at work, and will not veto clients. This is not confirmed, but I guess it is very likely in reply to the <<2019-hong-kong-anti-extradition-bill-protests>> given the timing. The https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/www-gitlab-com/merge_requests/30656[merge request] (https://web.archive.org/web/20191017080216/https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/www-gitlab-com/merge_requests/30656[archive]).
* Twitter to block operations by oppressive foreign state media
** https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/information_operations_directed_at_Hong_Kong.html Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/csodbt/twitter_suspends_nearly_1000_accounts_connected/
** https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/advertising_policies_on_state_media.html Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/csnsyn/twitter_policy_change_we_will_not_accept/
* 2019-07-12 https://www.apnews.com/a2584de07c014e4786a21bcf9f446a40 "37 countries rally around China at top UN human rights body"
** <<biased-media,(biased)>> http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/15/c_138229200.htm
** the full scanned letter: https://twitter.com/KevinPinner/status/1151868854781526016
* 2019-07-02 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/02/chinese-border-guards-surveillance-app-tourists-phones "Chinese border guards put secret surveillance app on tourists' phones"
* 2019-04-28 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-48084019 Hong Kong: Thousands protest against China extradition law
** https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/auqkdl/biotech_giant_thermo_fisher_stops_selling_dna/
* 2019-01 https://www.apnews.com/40f7cf4c0c6e43f18121af93f1e418f7 Microsoft Bing https://www.bing.com/ search engine blocked in China
* 2019-01 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/business/china-internet-censor.html interview with Beyondsoft, a company that offers censorship services

=== News 2018

* 2018-08 https://theintercept.com/2018/08/08/google-censorship-china-blacklist/
* 2018-06 https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/06/china-bans-online-mention-of-john-oliver-after-he-mocks-chinas-president/ https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6m5b3o
* 2018-05 https://www.whatsonweibo.com/public-shaming-of-drug-users-in-guangdong-drug-related-crimes-in-family-painted-on-houses/
* 2018-04 https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-china-lawmaking/china-makes-defaming-revolutionary-heroes-punishable-by-law-idUKKBN1HY16C
* 2018-04 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/congressional-leaders-urge-us-to-press-china-over-reports-of-mass-uighur-detentions/2018/04/05/9bd17c90-38b3-11e8-b57c-9445cc4dfa5e_story.html
* 2018-02 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/world/asia/china-xi-jinping.html
* 2018-02 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/25/at-least-120000-muslim-uighurs-held-in-chinese-re-education-camps-report
* 2018-01 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/19/outspoken-chinese-human-rights-lawyer-yu-wensheng-arrested
* 2018-01 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-politics/hong-kong-activist-banned-from-by-election-in-what-pro-democracy-party-calls-payback-idUSKBN1FG06P
* 2018-01 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/world/asia/china-church-dynamite.html
* 2018-01 https://uk.businessinsider.com/china-marriott-tweets-censorship-2018-1?r=US&IR=T Marriott lists <<taiwan,Taiwan>> as country on the website
* 2018-01 http://chuangcn.org/2018/01/the-mastermind/

[[changsheng-bio-technology-vaccine-data-falsification-incident-2018]]
==== Changsheng Bio-Technology vaccine data falsification incident (长生生物, 2018)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changsheng_Bio-Technology
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/长生生物

https://github.com/fuckcqcs/fuckcqcs on <<github-repositories-with-censored-information>> contains data from the website of Changsheng Bio-Technology relating to the incident. English readme: https://github.com/fuckcqcs/fuckcqcs/blob/master/README_EN.md[]

2019-02-25 https://theconversation.com/chinese-internet-users-turn-to-the-blockchain-to-fight-against-government-censorship-111795 mentions that censored information about the incident was also inserted into the <<bitcoin-blockchain,Ethereum blockchain>>.

=== News 2017

* 2017-12 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/25/world/asia/china-wu-gan-sentence.html
* 2017-11 https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/7a7hf9/the_worlds_largest_academic_publisher_blocks/ Springer nature pulls sensitive articles. TODO article list.
* 2017-09 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/25/business/china-whatsapp-blocked.html
* 2017-08 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-muslim-minority-school-language-ban-han-xinjiang-uyghur-hotan-hetian-government-communist-a7873446.html
* 2017-07 https://qz.com/1056938/cambridge-university-press-china-quarterly-complies-with-censorship-removes-300-articles-on-topics-like-tiananmen-and-tibet-in-china/ Book list: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-file-manager/file/59970028145fd05f66868bf5?utm_content=bufferb652b&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20170905214500/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-file-manager/file/59970028145fd05f66868bf5?utm_content=bufferb652b&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer
* 2017-07 https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/29/apple-removes-vpn-apps-from-the-app-store-in-china/
* 2017-07 https://shanghaiist.com/2017/07/26/liu-xia-home-visit.php
* 2017-06 https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/ordered-05092017155554.html Uyghurs studying abroad ordered to return to China
* 2017-06 httsp://mashable.com/2017/06/23/china-bans-livestreaming/#FJ4h.sLYQqq9
* 2017-05 https://qz.com/989454/a-chinese-students-commencement-speech-at-the-university-of-maryland-praising-fresh-air-and-democracy-is-riling-chinas-internet/
* 2017-05 https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1000233/at-wedding-market%2C-mothers-of-gays-and-lesbians-face-resistance
* 2017-05 https://ktar.com/story/1564381/ap-exclusive-china-lawyers-family-says-us-helped-them-flee
* 2017-04 https://chinachange.org/2017/05/03/breaking-lawyer-chen-jiangang-with-family-and-two-friends-seized-by-armed-police-in-yunnan/
* 2017-03 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-39137293 "China congress: BBC team forced to sign confession"

[[low-end-population]]
==== Low-end population (低端人口, 2017)

* https://qz.com/1138395/low-end-population-what-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-crackdown-on-migrant-workers/

=== News 2016

* 2016-11 https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/5ai1s6/chinese_citizen_arrested_after_wearing_xitler/ https://wqw2010.blogspot.co.uk/2016/10/101.html Possible Twitter: https://twitter.com/kwonpyong
* 2016-09: https://qz.com/783026/china-censorship-chinese-citizens-are-being-arrested-for-sharing-news-about-the-wukan-village-rebellion-online/ https://qz.com/781989/foreign-journalists-are-wanted-for-3000-by-chinese-authorities-for-inciting-unrest-in-a-village/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukan_protests
* 2016-06 https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/28/china-lady-gaga-ban-list-hostile-foreign-forces-meeting-dalai-lama
* 2016-06 https://github.com/github/gov-takedowns/blob/78775b09e64d85f08547287cab204b48b2491192/China/2016/2016-06-08-programthink-zhao.md first GitHub takedown, see also: <<programthink>>
* 2016 https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/12/world/asia/china-britain-queen-xi-jinping.html?_r=0 "Queen Elizabeth II Says Chinese Officials Were 'Very Rude' on State Visit"
* 2016 https://shanghaiist.com/2016/05/06/dont_eat_that_banana.php Sexy banana eating forbidden
* 2016-04 https://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2016/01/26/china-threatens-sanctions-against-u-s-companies-is-this-the-future/ China economic sanctions companies that sell weapons to <<taiwan,Taiwan>> (some of those companies also sell civilian products to China)
* 2016-04 https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/china-demands-shutdown-disneylife-service-887599 Disney Life blocked
* 2016-04 http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/china-demands-shutdown-apples-film-886831 Apple iTunes and iBooks blocked
* 2016 https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-35968855 China's '<<gfw,Great Firewall>>' blocks its creator
* 2016 https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/mar/04/china-bans-gay-people-television-clampdown-xi-jinping-censorship gay depiction banned on television
* 2016 https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-35496562 Armani Communist - https://www.ibtimes.com/xi-jinping-wants-overhaul-image-chinas-rich-kids-1961207 - first section of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKQ5ijFZ_j8
* 2016 https://freebeacon.com/national-security/chinese-defector-reveals-beijings-secrets/ Ling Wancheng defects
* 2016 https://chinachange.org/2016/01/21/activist-in-xinjiang-sentenced-to-19-years-for-online-writings-and-rights-activities/ Zhang Haitao (张海涛) faces 19 years in jail for his blog posts
* 2016 https://money.cnn.com/2016/01/20/technology/facebook-android-tor/ Facebook Android app implements Tor option
* 2016 https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/41y6ig/hong_kong_movie_predicts_dark_future_for_city/ Honk Kong (2016) movie

=== News 2015

* 2015-11 https://technode.com/2015/11/24/surge-advanced-proxy-tool-ios-pulled-app-store/
* 2015-09 https://www.hongkongfp.com/2015/09/03/in-pictures-censored-memes-search-terms-and-images-from-chinas-wwii-parade/
* 2015 https://news.vice.com/article/the-missing-hong-kong-booksellers-family-isnt-buying-his-televised-confession Gui Minhai, 51, from publisher Mighty Current who was going to publish a book about <<xi-jinping>>'s love life.
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gui_Minhai
** 2020: stenced to 10 years https://www.hongkongfp.com/2020/02/25/bookseller-gui-minhai-jailed-10-years-china-illegally-providing-intelligence-overseas-parties
** Lam Wing-kee (林榮基) is another one of the detained booksellers of the Causeway Bay Books group
*** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lam_Wing-kee
*** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHq0f_eGLhE 2016 interview in freedom
*** https://china-journal.org/2019/04/27/abducted-hong-kong-bookseller-has-fled-to-taiwan-to-avoid-extradition-to-china/
* <<taiwan-number-one>>
* 2015 Taiwanese beauty queen kicked out of Miss Earth pageant for refusing to change `Taiwan ROC' sash to `Chinese Taipei' https://shanghaiist.com/2015/11/23/miss-earth-ting-wen-yin.php
* 2015 https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/08/speech-enables-speech-china-takes-aim-its-coders https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks shadowsocks creator threatened
* 2015 https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34630829 Lego refuses to sell to <<ai-weiwei>>
* 2015 https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/world/asia/china-bao-zhuoxuan-son-wang-yu-rights-lawyer-house-arrest.html Bao Zhuoxuan 16-year old son of human rights layer in house arrest

[[the-709-crackdown]]
==== 709 crackdown 中國709維權律師大抓捕事件 (2015)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/709_crackdown
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中國709維權律師大抓捕事件

Hundreds of human rights activists put into jail in quick succession. Short forms:

* 709大抓捕
* 710律师劫

709 refers to the date when the arrests started: 09 July 2015. There were about 200 arrests.

News coverage:

* 2015
** https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/23/world/asia/china-crackdown-human-rights-lawyers.html
** https://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/13/china/china-activists-arrests/
** https://time.com/3954935/china-arrests-lawyers-human-rights/
** https://program-think.blogspot.com/2015/07/weekly-share-90.html from <<programthink>>
** 2015-11-24 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOlLxL3UZL8 "回首2015：709律师大抓捕" by <<rfa>>
* 2017
** 2017-04 https://citizenlab.ca/2017/04/we-cant-chat-709-crackdown-discussions-blocked-on-weibo-and-wechat/

Se also: <<intolerance>>

.<<badiucao>> cartoon of about 40 of the arrested lawyers. TODO full name list. https://twitter.com/badiucao/status/884005207830544385[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/709_lawyers.jpg[height=400]

=== News pre-2015

* 2014 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/28/china-media-watchdog-bans-wordplay-puns "China bans wordplay in attempt at pun control"
* 2013 https://www.ft.com/content/db8b9e36-1119-11e8-940e-08320fc2a277 Peter Humphrey
* 2012 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuctech. One of the most blocked on Wikipedia according to: link:complete-gfw-rulebook-for-wikipedia-v3.0.pdf[] Nutech Namibia Hu Haifeng corruption scandal 纳米比亚威视胡海峰腐败丑闻
* 2011 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Chinese_pro-democracy_protests | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中国茉莉花活动
* 2009 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Zuoren#2009_court_case <<ai-weiwei>> documentary about it: https://aiweiwei.com/documentaries/disturbing-the-peace/index.html
* 2008 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu-dreg_project | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/豆腐渣工程 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%27s_Unnatural_Disaster:_The_Tears_of_Sichuan_Province
* 2008 Wenzhou train collision https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenzhou_train_collision#Government_response https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011年甬台温铁路列车追尾事故
* 2005 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongzhou_protests | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/东洲事件 Dongzhou protests
* 1999 https://www.lionsroar.com/apple-thinks-different-about-the-dalai-lama-in-china-2/ Apple censors Dalai Lama for China
* 1978-1979 Beijing Spring
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Spring
** https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/北京之春

[[tiananmen]]
==== Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989 (六四事件)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/六四事件

Good photo selections:

* 2014 https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/06/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos/100751/ "Photos: The 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests". This is one of Ciro's favorite photo selections.
* 2014 http://www.ursulagauthier.fr/tiananmen-15-minutes-dapocalypse/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20190607142501/http://www.ursulagauthier.fr/tiananmen-15-minutes-dapocalypse/[archive]) a few gory photos
* 2015 https://allthatsinteresting.com/tiananmen-square-massacre "The Hidden History Of The Tiananmen Square Massacre"
* 2019 https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/gabrielsanchez/pictures-tiananmen-square-anniversary "These Horrifying Pictures Show The Tiananmen Square Protests Like You've Never Seen Them"

AP footage is pretty good, just do a search on the archive:

* https://www.aparchive.com/metadata/China-Student-Demonstrations/5d1cd01250c9e5e9397f20ef9f1327df
* https://www.aparchive.com/metadata/China-Student-Demonstrations/cfc6890746010c73f9414e20906268aa

Soldiers who spoke up:

* Zhang Shijun (张世军) is perhaps the most notable soldier who spoke up:
** 2018-06-04 RFA interview
*** https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/flashbacks-06042018133558.html
*** https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/renquanfazhi/ql2-06042018103250.html
** 2009-03 published an open letter
*** https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2009/03/china-detains-writer-of-critical-web-letter-to-hu/
*** https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/20/tiananmen-square-china-zhang-shijun "Zhang Shijun taken from home in middle of the night after publishing open letter to Chinese president Hu Jintao"
* Li Xiaoming
** https://www.sbs.com.au/news/soldier-reveals-his-shame-over-tiananmen-square-massacre-30-years-on

Other interesting links:

* https://www.64memo.com/ 六四档案 Website dedicated to collecting photos of the protests and aftermath. Says you have to login to see the gory photos, but hovering over thumbnails expands all of them, and their email service is broken as of 2020 so you can't sign up.
* https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/june4_poetry Chinese poetry anthology about Tiananmen collected by <<rfa>>

.Sea of protesters (广场人潮涌) in Tiananmen Square on 2019-05-04. No, not even that many people can influence dictatorships if they don't have weapons. https://abcnews.go.com/International/tiananmen-square-29th-anniversary-crackdown/story?id=55564966[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tianmen_sea.jpg[height=600]

[[pu-zhiqiang-shirt]]
.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu_Zhiqiang[Pu Zhiqiang (浦志强)] was student demonstrator during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. His shirt reads: "Freedom of the press, freedom of association, support the 'link:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Herald[World Economic Herald] (link:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/世界经济导报[世界经济导报])', and support just journalists." (辦報自由 結社自由 聲援世经导报 支持正义记者, fully quoted https://cinacn.blogspot.com/2001/07/28.html[here]) Date: 1989-05-10. Pu remained in China as a human rights layer, and https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-35157525[was arrested in 2014] for attending a private meeting commemorating the 25th anniversary of Tiananmen. https://allthatsinteresting.com/tiananmen-square-massacre[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Pu_Zhiqiang_tshirt.jpg[height=500]

.Students from Beijing University stage a huge demonstration in Tiananmen Square as they start an unlimited hunger strike as the part of mass pro-democracy protest against the Chinese government. Photo taken on 1989-05-18 by Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images. https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/06/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos/100751/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_students_sitting.jpg[height=400]

.Who said there weren't some cute girls amongst the protesters? Photo taken on 1989-05-19 by AP Photo/Sadayuki Mikami. https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/06/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos/100751/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_cute_girls.jpg[height=500]

.Happy protesters surround army convoy of 4,000 not so happy soldiers on 1989-05-20. Ciro can't help but to think the <<politically-incorrect,politically incorrect>> idea that the military <<uneducated-masses,look considerably younger and poorer/less uneducated than the Beijing masses>>. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-06-04/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_troop_truck_night.jpg[height=500]

.A young woman is caught between civilians and Chinese soldiers, who were trying to remove her from an assembly near the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, on 1989-06-03. AP Photo/Jeff Widener. https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/06/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos/100751/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_girl_strife.jpg[height=400]

.A student from an art institute plasters the neck of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddess_of_Democracy["Goddess of Democracy"] (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中国国际广播电台[中国国际广播电台]) statue on 1989-05-30. Replicas have of course been erected elsewhere, and when the CCP falls one day, this _will_ be rebuilt, obviously. https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/06/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos/100751/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_sculpt_goddess.webp[height=600]

.An old lady tells those rowdy overpriviledged students that they were complaining for no reason, and that in the <<cultural-revolution,good old Mao days you would be lucky to get any food at all>>, and that they should just go the fuck home  on 1989-05-31 (Ciro might or might not have made up the exact content of the conversation). https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/06/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos/100751/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_old_lady.webp[height=500]

.A dissident student asks masses of sitting soldiers to go back home on 1989-06-03. Great shot composition by AP Photo/Jeff Widener. https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/06/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos/100751/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_announce_soldiers.webp[height=500]

.Godzilla https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Peng[Li Peng (李鹏)] crushing the Tiananmen Square protests with his green eye laser beams. https://en.uncyclopedia.co/wiki/File:Li_at_Tiananmen_Eyebeams.jpg[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Li_at_Tiananmen_Eyebeams.jpg[height=400]

.Protester covered in blood while holding an army helmet on 1989-06-04. There is also footage of that moment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=63&v=lXJ6gHFME0w[] which explains that the man claims his face was cut by a soldir by using the edge of the helmet. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-06-04/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_helmet.jpg[height=500]

[[liubukou]]
.Bodies run over by tanks by the road in after the Tiananmen Square Protests were crushed in the morning of 1989-06-05. The source website is by French journalist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_Gauthier[Ursula Gauthier], who explains how those photos were taken by one of the students of the group, who later asked her to take the photos abroad to publish them. The students were some of the last to leave after the crackdown, and they were trying to escape through a small street that leads into https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27an_Avenue[Chang'an Avenue] (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/长安街[长安街]) when the tanks came at high speed near Liubukou crossroads (TODO Chinese name) half mile West of Tiananmen square, and not all students were able evade the tanks. https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jun/01/china.johngittings2 mentions that some bodies had to be scrapped-off the street. Ursula was later kicked out of China in 2015 after commenting that the CCP had ulterior motives for giving their condolences to the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks[November 2015 Paris attacks]. Interesting fact: Ciro was actually less than 1km away from one of the Paris attacks on that night, at his home, and first learnt about what had happened when people started calling to see if he was fine. http://www.ursulagauthier.fr/tiananmen-15-minutes-dapocalypse/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tianmen_crushed_dead.jpg[height=600]

.Bodies with gun wounds at the mortuary at Shuili Hospital (水利医院, Hospital of the Ministry of Water Resources of China, https://goo.gl/maps/xAy55T3sydW8X81M6[Google maps], https://bkso.baidu.com/item/水利医院[Baidu], https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20190531/tiananmen-square-protest-photos/[New York Times Chinese report]), about 8km West of Tiananmen Square. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/30/world/asia/tiananmen-square-protest-photos.html[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_Shuili_Hospital_dead.jpg[height=500]

.A Chinese couple on a bicycle take cover beneath an underpass as tanks deploy overhead in eastern Beijing on 1989-06-05 by AP Photo/Liu Heung Shing. This photo one is almost poetic. https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/06/1989-tiananmen-square-protests-photos/100751/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_bicycle_bridge.jpg[height=400]

.Family members try to comfort a mother who has just learned of her son's death after he was killed by soldiers at Tiananmen Square, June 4. TODO what's her name? An association https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Mothers[Tiananmen Mothers] (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天安门母亲运动[天安门母亲运动]) was created after the events. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/gabrielsanchez/pictures-tiananmen-square-anniversary[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_crying_mother.webp[height=500]

.The morning after the military crackdown of the pro-democracy protesters in Tiananmen Square, workers clean their posters from bulletin boards. Resume <<censorship>> as usual. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/gabrielsanchez/pictures-tiananmen-square-anniversary[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tiananmen_message_board_cleanup.webp[height=500]

[[tiananmen-songs]]
===== Tiananmen Square Protests songs 六四事件歌曲

English:

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JTWXqUPQ7I "China" by Joan Baez from the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaking_of_Dreams[Speaking of Dreams (1989) album]. Folk.
+
video::-JTWXqUPQ7I[youtube,height=400,width=600]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OOlXJs4I8k "The blood is on the square" by Phillip Morgan from https://www.amazon.com/Blood-Square-Philip-Morgan/dp/B001H5S7OS[1990]. Folk.
+
video::6OOlXJs4I8k[youtube,height=400,width=600]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAZK4apK8Bg Same Cry (Feat. L.T.; Explicit) by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC_Jin[MC Jin] from the 2004 album "The Rest Is History'. Hip hop American born Hakka Chinese.

Chinese:

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7uk0-vlpP0 "Nothing to My Name (一無所有)" by Cui Jian (崔健) from 1986, therefore around the time of <<chinese-student-demonstrations-1986>>
** Lyrics and translation https://eastasiastudent.net/china/mandarin/cui-jian-nothing-to-my-name/
** Chorus: "你合适跟我走" which translates to "When will you walk with me?" Could be talking directly to the Government.
** The singer is/was very popular, the song was composed in 1986, but was very popular at the time of the protests, and became kind of a hymn.
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cui_Jian#Tiananmen_and_aftermath
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_to_My_Name | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/一无所有_(歌曲)
+
[[nothing-to-my-name]]
video::m7uk0-vlpP0[youtube,height=400,width=600]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8lWiWaSTtg History's wound (历史的伤口) 1989-5-28 song by several <<taiwan,Taiwanese>> singers
** https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/历史的伤口
** Lyrics: https://mojim.com/cny100375x11x1.htm
+
video::F8lWiWaSTtg[youtube,height=400,width=600]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdE4Ehte4uU "The square (廣場)" by Li Zhi (李志) from 2019. Slow/sad mood pop/rock.
** https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/2/li-zhi-singer-missing-china-cracks-down-tiananmen-/ the singer disappeared from public view in June 2019 and his songs were purged from public listings
** https://medium.com/@sunlitmount/forbidden-songs-of-li-zhi-square-for-tiananmen-massacre-at-june-4th-1989-f22e7e2dc21a lyrics and translation
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Zhi_(singer)

Cantonese

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L_qz7LuqVU "The flower of freedom" (自由花) from 1989
** https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/自由花
** Lyrics: https://mojim.com/cny100293x15x4.htm
+
video::9L_qz7LuqVU[youtube,height=400,width=600]

Other good lists:

* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/六四歌曲 Wikipedia page with an infinite list of songs
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8vMVrLBiW4&list=PLNRZ41lXl9e5iAXH_94DHiLPx_a9Yn711 六四学运 歌 playlist by 杰克 .龙光复民国天下为公
* https://coconuts.co/hongkong/lifestyle/from-80s-rock-to-patriotic-anthems-6-songs-associated-with-tiananmen-square/
* https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/06/04/the-last-gunshot-the-musical-legacy-of-the-1989-tiananmen-massacre/

For non-Tiananmen songs see: <<anti-dictatorship-songs>>.

[[tank-man]]
===== Tank Man (坦克人)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_Man
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/坦克人

Good list of all known photos: https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/05/30/the-other-tank-man-photographs/

A list of Tank Man parodies can be found at: https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/tank-man

TODO: can't find a Tank Man ASCII art! How is that possible? Behold!

....
                                    |
                                    |
                                    |
   Tank Man                         |
   by Ciro Santilli          00     |
   2021 CC-BY-SA 4.0          \\  +-|-+
                               \\/   /|-+o
                                \\--+ / /o
                               /|\\ |/ /oo
                        |     / ----- /oo
                        |    /       /oo
                        |   +-------+oo
                        |   oo+---+ooo
                 00     |   oo     oo
                  \\  +-|-+
                   \\/   /|-+o
                    \\--+ / /o
                   /|\\ |/ /oo
            |     / ----- /oo
            |    /       /oo
            |   +-------+oo
            |   oo+---+ooo
     00     |   oo     oo
      \\  +-|-+
       \\/   /|-+o
        \\--+ / /o
       /|\\ |/ /oo
      / ----- /oo
     /       /oo
    +-------+oo
    oo+---+ooo
    oo     oo
 xx
 --
/||\
|--|
o||0
 ||
 /\
....

https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/l2wqbg/ascii_art_of_tank_man_%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA_from_tiananmen_square/gkdbe5d suggested a simpler one that has been in use with Chinese characters:

[[tank-man-emoticon]]
....
占占点人
....

where:

* the first three characters look like tanks (unrelated meaning)
* the fourth character looks like, and actually means person

So once a gain, <<chinese-characters-are-insane>>.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrbwFxd1c-I Michal Jackson's Tank man performance in Munich (1997) The Cirque du Soliel "accidentally" showed Tank Man imagery for 4 seconds in a Beijing theater on a related 2013 act "Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour": https://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/15/world/asia/tank-man-cirque-soleil/index.html but it was removed on future performances.

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeFzeNAHEhU CNN video of Tank Man:  but not showing removal, ridiculous, is there a full raw footage somewhere? Subset uploaded to GitHub: https://github.com/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship/issues/168[].
video::YeFzeNAHEhU[youtube,height=400,width=600]

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSbx352cn8A Several quick cuts by CBS news that give a good overview of the incident, including him being pushed away by other protesters at the end.
video::YeFzeNAHEhU[youtube,height=400,width=600]

.Arthur Tsang's photo of Tank Man. https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/05/30/the-other-tank-man-photographs/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tank_Man.jpg[height=400]

.Stuart Franklin's wider view photo of Tank Man. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tankman_new_longshot_StuartFranklin.jpg[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tank_Man_new_longshot_Stuart_Franklin.jpg[height=600]

.Terril Jones photo taken at ground level with Tank Man on background and men running away on the foreground. The photo was only published in 2009. https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/05/30/the-other-tank-man-photographs/[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tank_Man_ground_level.jpg[height=600]

.Photoshop of Arthur Tsang's photo of Tank Man with huge rubber ducks replacing the tanks. Inspired by a https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSo5MqQVwCY[huge inflatable rubber duck sculpture floating in Hong Kong in 2013]. https://petapixel.com/2013/06/05/yellow-duck-version-of-tank-man-photo-goes-viral-amidst-chinese-censorship[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tank_Man_ducks.jpg[height=600]

[[lego-tank-man]]
.Rough https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego[Lego] model of the Tank Man scene. https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1499216-tank-man[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Lego_Tank_Man.png[height=400]

.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VI[Final Fantasy 6] battle screen style depiction of tank man by Cody Walton by it8Bit. https://www.it8bit.com/post/25860395424/unknown-rebel[Source].
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tank_Man_FF6.jpg[height=600]

.Tank man drawing by Ciro Santilli. The only CC BY-SA 4.0 representaion of Tank Man found on the web? And the prettiest. Created manually with GIMP. This can be very useful e.g. if you are posting <<stack-overflow>> answers about image processing, e.g.: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20737061/merge-images-side-by-sidehorizontally/63575228#63575228
image::{china-dictatorship-media-base}/Tank_Man_drawing_by_Ciro_Santilli_CC_BY_SA.png[height=500]

[[tank-man-song]]
====== Tank man song by Xu Lin (坦克人，作曲家：徐琳)

This song is amazing!!!

Video uploaded to GitHub: https://github.com/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship/issues/185

Official tablature on Xu Lin's blog: http://xulin1523.blogspot.com/2016/01/blog-post_26.html

https://www.nchrd.org/2018/10/xu-lin/ on <<chinese-human-rights-defenders>> says he was arrested in 2017 for <<picking-quarrels>>, and released on September 2020 at the completion of his sentence. This dude was actaully China, what a hero. https://chinachange.org/2018/07/28/guangdong-activist-xu-lin-tried-on-charges-of-stirring-up-trouble-for-writing-songs/ talks about his trial in 2018. 

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ym88UOz5ZC8 Video on Xu Lin's official YouTube channel
video::ym88UOz5ZC8[youtube,height=400,width=600]

____
我是坦克人 +
I am Tank Man +

站在天安门 +
I stand at Tiananmen +

面对坦克车队 +
I face the tank column +

从容挺出身 +
I calmly come and stand (? confirm) +

广场人潮涌 +
A tide of people has rushed the square +

群情正沸腾 +
The feelings of the people are boiling right now (正 == short of 正在?) +

发出正义呼声 +
The voice of justice is calling +

结束一党专政 +
To finish the One Party Dictatorship +

国家人人有份 +
Everyone has a share of the country +

岂容他们独吞 +
How can we put up with them taking more than their fair share? (岂容) +

自由天赋权利 +
Free natural rights +

岂可葬于铁轮 +
How can they be buried under the Iron Wheel? (TODO why Iron Wheel? https://cd.hwxnet.com/view/fkkhdjaknlgbnolg.html mentions possibly Buddhist metaphor "Cast iron wheels. According to the Buddhist legend, the torture instrument used to squeeze evil spirits in hell.") +

谁挡了谁的路 +
Who is standing on whose way? +

谁是谁的敌人 +
Who is whose enemy? +

谁是正义一方 +
Who is on the side of the righteous? +

谁是历史罪人 +
And who are the enemies of History? +

你们的枪炮是人民造 +
Your guns were made by the People +

你们的俸禄是民脂民膏 +
Your salaries were paid by the people's taxes (民脂民膏 is a poetic way of putting it that references historical events apparently) +

为什么枪口对着人民 +
So why are the guns being pointed at the people? +

犯下这罪恶天理难饶 +
Those who commit this crime, can hardly be forgiven by the Heavenly Principles (天理 is a concept from Song Dynasty Confucianism, "heavenly principles", a type of "feudal ethics" according to Pleco and 1 +

民主是世界的必行之道 +
Democracy is a necessary Path of the world +

实行了民主大家都好 +
Once democracy is implemented, everyone will be better off +

不要做独裁的镇压工具 +
Don't be a tool of suppression of the Dictatorship +

还不快停车把头调 +
Quickly stop the tanks, and correct your point of view +
____

===== Tiananmen Square Protests keywords

Words:

* 六四学潮, which is also very close in form to the earlier: <<chinese-student-demonstrations-1986>>

Lists:

* https://qz.com/698990/261-ways-to-refer-to-the-tiananmen-square-massacre-in-china/ 261 ways to refer to the Tiananmen Square Massacre in China

[[tianmen-leaders]]
===== Tianmen square protest student leaders (六四学运学生领袖)

Lists: https://qz.com/1618805/the-1989-tiananmen-student-leaders-on-chinas-most-wanted-list/

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Gang | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/劉剛_(1961年)

[[zhou-fengsuo]]
====== Zhou Fengsuo (周锋锁)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Fengsuo | https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/周锋锁

After <<ciro-santilli>> started his campaign for freedom of speech in china in 2015, Zhou Fengsuo published on Twitter in 2015-05-30 when he had 36K followers at the time: https://twitter.com/ZhouFengSuo/status/604461488716144640 (https://archive.is/8d2lt[archive]) linking to Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow account:

____
The commies have messed with the wrong guy's <<ciro-santilli-mother-in-law-jail,mother-in-law.>>"

一个程序员在专业网站上发布六四和法轮功的消息，目的是触怒中共，封杀网站，从而激起程序员的反抗。因为岳母被抓半个月。
____

[[chai-ling]]
====== Chai Ling (柴玲)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chai_Ling
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/柴玲

She was cute and energetic! :-)

Famous anti-<<peoples-daily>> speech:

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRAmL1D8R-4
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81V1bZEus5I
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=1765&v=846AtqraCYg

____
人民日报，胡说八道！ +
欺骗人民，良心何在！ +
不是不报，时候不到！ +

People's Daily, +
Full of nonsense +
Lying to the people, +
Where's your conscience? +
You may think you're safe, +
But your time will come. +
____

Also transcripted at: http://www.tsquare.tv/chinese/film/ghp04.html from <<the-gate-of-heavenly-peace-1995>>.

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRAmL1D8R-4 Chai Ling People's Daily speech in Tiananmen Square protests  (柴玲—六四学运—国民日报，胡说八道！). On <<github>>: https://github.com/cirosantilli/china-dictatorship/issues/197
video::gRAmL1D8R-4[youtube,height=400,width=600]

===== Tianmen square protest documentaries

====== The Gate of Heavenly Peace (1995)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gate_of_Heavenly_Peace_(film)
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天安门_(纪录片)

Chinese transcript: http://www.tsquare.tv/chinese/film/ghp00.html

[[chinese-student-demonstrations-1986]]
===== 1986 Chinese student demonstrations 八六学潮